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Brain damage may be caused by a number of factors, including fetal malformation due to genetic mutation or exposure to toxins, intrauterine hypoxia, or physical trauma during delivery. [12] Cerebral palsy is one example of brain damage incurred before or during delivery; about 10,000 children are diagnosed with cerebral palsy every year. [13]
In the immediate postpartum period (puerperium), 87% to 94% of women report at least one health problem. [8] [9] Long-term health problems (persisting after six months postpartum) are reported by 31% of women. [10] In 2016, complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium resulted globally in 230,600 deaths, down from 377,000 deaths ...
This increases to 5% to 13% among those who have more difficult deliveries and 50% with C-sections before the use of preventive antibiotics. [1] In 2015, these infections resulted in 17,900 deaths down from 34,000 deaths in 1990. [4] [7] They are the cause of about 10% of deaths around the time of pregnancy. [2]
Escherichia coli is an encapsulated gram-negative bacilli that may cause neonatal infections due to its high prevalence in the GI and GU tracts of pregnant patients. With the advances in preventing group B streptococcus infections, β-lactam-resistant Escherichia coli infections have increased in causing neonatal deaths in very low birthweight ...
Causes for early birth may be unknown or may be related to certain chronic conditions such as diabetes, infections, and other known causes. The World Health Organization has developed guidelines with recommendations to improve the chances of survival and health outcomes for preterm infants. [148] [149]
Long-term complications for the mother include obstetrical fistula. [2] Obstructed labour is said to result in prolonged labour, when the active phase of labour is longer than 12 hours. [2] The main causes of obstructed labour include a large or abnormally positioned baby, a small pelvis, and problems with the birth canal. [2]
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PROM occurring before 37 weeks (PPROM) is one of the leading causes of preterm birth. Thirty to 35% of all preterm births are caused by PPROM. [ 10 ] This puts the fetus at risk for the many complications associated with prematurity such as respiratory distress, brain bleeds, infection, necrotizing enterocolitis (death of the fetal bowels ...