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The Good–Toulmin (GT) estimator was developed by Good and Toulmin in 1953. [4] The estimate of the unseen species based on the Good–Toulmin estimator is given by U GT ≜ U GT ( X n , t ) ≜ ∑ i = 1 ∞ ( − t ) i + 1 φ i . {\displaystyle U^{\text{GT}}\triangleq U^{\text{GT}}(X^{n},t)\triangleq \sum _{i=1}^{\infty }(-t)^{i+1}\varphi _{i}.}
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Stephen Edelston Toulmin (/ ˈ t uː l m ɪ n /; 25 March 1922 – 4 December 2009) was a British philosopher, author, and educator.Influenced by Ludwig Wittgenstein, Toulmin devoted his works to the analysis of moral reasoning.
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The notation gained popularity as a method of presenting safety assurances but can be applied to any type of argument and was standardized in 2011. [1] GSN has been used to track safety assurances in industries such as clinical care [ 3 ] aviation, [ 4 ] automotive, rail, [ 5 ] traffic management, and nuclear power [ 6 ] and has been used in ...
An overview of how to perform this smoothing follows in the next section (see also empirical Bayes method). To estimate the probability that the next observed individual is from any species from this group (i.e., the group of species seen times) one can use the following formula:
Learn how to download and install or uninstall the Desktop Gold software and if your computer meets the system requirements.
Qualifier variables, which include additional illustrative text, or numeric values that describe the results or additional traits of the observation (such as units or descriptive adjectives). A fifth type of variable role, Rule, can express an algorithm or executable method to define start, end, or looping conditions in the Trial Design model.