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Magic is about violating expectations. [1] It capitalises on specific blind spots in attention and perception. While scientific interest in humans' perception of magic dates back to the late 19th century, when in 1896 Alfred Binet presented his work, this faded quickly, and has only recently, in the early 21st century, been revived.
A monkey drinking Frooti from a juice box using its hands. The mind and behavior of non-human animals has captivated the human imagination for centuries. Many writers, such as Descartes, have speculated about the presence or absence of the animal mind. [7]
Animal cognition is the title given to a modern approach to the mental capacities of non-human animals. It has developed out of comparative psychology, but has also been strongly influenced by the approach of ethology and behavioral ecology. Much of what used to be considered under the title of animal intelligence is now thought of under this ...
Perception includes such processes as the selection of information through attention, the organization of sensory information through grouping, and the identification of events and objects. In the dog, olfactory information (the sense of smell) is particularly salient (compared with humans) but the dog's senses also include vision, hearing ...
[1] Bat calls range from about 12,000 Hz - 160,000 Hz. n/a They also have a high quality sense of smell. n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Dog: Dogs are dichromat and less sensitive to differences in grey shades than humans and also can detect brightness at about half the accuracy of humans. [2]
Much of the early work on ToM in animals focused on the understanding chimpanzees have of human knowledge. The term "theory of mind" was originally proposed by Premack and Woodruff in 1978. [2] [5] Early studies focused almost entirely on studying if chimpanzees could understand the knowledge of humans. This approach turned out not to be ...
Cognitive bias in animals is a pattern of deviation in judgment, whereby inferences about other animals and situations may be affected by irrelevant information or emotional states. [1] It is sometimes said that animals create their own "subjective social reality" from their perception of the input. [ 2 ]
Perception is not only the passive receipt of these signals, but it is also shaped by the recipient's learning, memory, expectation, and attention. [4] [5] Sensory input is a process that transforms this low-level information to higher-level information (e.g., extracts shapes for object recognition). [5]