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pKa values for acetic, chloroacetic, dichloroacetic and trichloroacetic acids. Inductive effects and mesomeric effects affect the pK a values. A simple example is provided by the effect of replacing the hydrogen atoms in acetic acid by the more electronegative chlorine atom.
Acid strength is the tendency of an acid, symbolised by the chemical formula, to dissociate into a proton, +, and an anion, .The dissociation or ionization of a strong acid in solution is effectively complete, except in its most concentrated solutions.
The solvent used can also assist in the stabilization of the negative charge on a conjugated base. Bases used to deprotonate depend on the p K a of the compound. When the compound is not particularly acidic , and, as such, the molecule does not give up its proton easily, a base stronger than the commonly known hydroxides is required.
In chemistry, biochemistry, and pharmacology, a dissociation constant (K D) is a specific type of equilibrium constant that measures the propensity of a larger object to separate (dissociate) reversibly into smaller components, as when a complex falls apart into its component molecules, or when a salt splits up into its component ions.
The concentration of negative charge on each chlorine has a through space effect which can be seen in the relative pKa values. [16] When the chlorines are pointed over the carboxylic acid group, the pKa is higher because loss of a proton is less favorable due to the increase in negative charge in the area.
In cell biology, protein kinase A (PKA) is a family of serine-threonine kinase [1] whose activity is dependent on cellular levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP). PKA is also known as cAMP-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.11). PKA has several functions in the cell, including regulation of glycogen, sugar, and lipid metabolism.
In computational biology, protein pK a calculations are used to estimate the pK a values of amino acids as they exist within proteins.These calculations complement the pK a values reported for amino acids in their free state, and are used frequently within the fields of molecular modeling, structural bioinformatics, and computational biology.
For a given set of reaction conditions, the equilibrium constant is independent of the initial analytical concentrations of the reactant and product species in the mixture. Thus, given the initial composition of a system, known equilibrium constant values can be used to determine the composition of the system at equilibrium.