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Margie Kahukura Hohepa (born 1960), sometimes Margie Ratapu (which is her married name), [1] is a New Zealand education academic specialising in Māori education. She is Māori , of Te Māhurehure , Ngāpuhi and Te Ātiawa descent and are currently a full professor at the University of Waikato .
Te Whāriki is a bi-cultural curriculum that sets out four broad principles, a set of five strands, and goals for each strand.It does not prescribe specific subject-based lessons, rather it provides a framework for teachers and early childhood staff (kaiako) to encourage and enable children in developing the knowledge, skills, attitudes, learning dispositions to learn how to learn.
Rata gained both her MEd and PhD from the University of Auckland. [2] [3] Her master's thesis, [4] Maori survival and structural separateness: the history of Te Runanga o nga Kura Kaupapa Maori o Tamaki Makaurau 1987–1989, and her doctoral thesis, Global capitalism and the revival of ethnic traditionalism in New Zealand: the emergence of tribal-capitalism, relate to biculturalism in New ...
Durie is a Māori educationalist. She was appointed head of Te Uru Māraurau, the Māori and Multicultural Education School at Massey University, in 1997. [3] [6] Durie and Huia Jahnke were responsible for creating the curriculum for the first graduate immersion course in te reo Māori, the teacher education degree programme Te Aho Tātairangi.
Protein synthesis is a very similar process for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes but there are some distinct differences. [1] Protein synthesis can be divided broadly into two phases: transcription and translation. During transcription, a section of DNA encoding a protein, known as a gene, is converted into a molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA).
The mRNA is scanned by the ribosome from the 5′ end, where the start codon directs the incorporation of a methionine (bacteria, mitochondria, and plastids use N-formylmethionine instead) at the N terminus of the protein. By convention, single strands of DNA and RNA sequences are written in a 5′-to-3′ direction except as needed to ...
Once the initiation factor helps the tRNA bind, the GTP hydrolyzes and is released the eIF2. The eIF2 beta subunit is identified by its Zn-finger. The eIF2 alpha subunit is characterized by an OB-fold domain and two beta strands. This subunit helps to regulate translation, as it becomes phosphorylated to inhibit protein synthesis. [2]
The 5' capping modification is initiated by the addition of a GTP to the 5' terminal nucleotide of the pre-mRNA in reverse orientation followed by the addition of methyl groups to the G residue. [ 9 ] 5' capping is essential for the production of functional mRNAs since the 5' cap is responsible for aligning the mRNA with the ribosome during ...