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In mathematics, extrapolation is a type of estimation, beyond the original observation range, of the value of a variable on the basis of its relationship with another variable. It is similar to interpolation , which produces estimates between known observations, but extrapolation is subject to greater uncertainty and a higher risk of producing ...
In numerical analysis, Richardson extrapolation is a sequence acceleration method used to improve the rate of convergence of a sequence of estimates of some value = (). In essence, given the value of A ( h ) {\displaystyle A(h)} for several values of h {\displaystyle h} , we can estimate A ∗ {\displaystyle A^{\ast }} by extrapolating the ...
In statistical modeling, regression analysis is a set of statistical processes for estimating the relationships between a dependent variable (often called the outcome or response variable, or a label in machine learning parlance) and one or more error-free independent variables (often called regressors, predictors, covariates, explanatory ...
The zeroeth extrapolation, R(n, 0), is equivalent to the trapezoidal rule with 2 n + 1 points; the first extrapolation, R(n, 1), is equivalent to Simpson's rule with 2 n + 1 points. The second extrapolation, R(n, 2), is equivalent to Boole's rule with 2 n + 1 points. The further extrapolations differ from Newton-Cotes formulas.
A famous example of extrapolation of static analysis comes from overpopulation theory. Starting with Thomas Malthus at the end of the 18th century, various commentators have projected some short-term population growth trend for years into the future, resulting in the prediction that there would be disastrous overpopulation within a generation or two.
In numerical analysis, Aitken's delta-squared process or Aitken extrapolation is a series acceleration method used for accelerating the rate of convergence of a sequence. It is named after Alexander Aitken, who introduced this method in 1926. [1] It is most useful for accelerating the convergence of a sequence that is converging linearly.
Given the two red points, the blue line is the linear interpolant between the points, and the value y at x may be found by linear interpolation.. In mathematics, linear interpolation is a method of curve fitting using linear polynomials to construct new data points within the range of a discrete set of known data points.
The term extrapolation is used to find data points outside the range of known data points. In curve fitting problems, the constraint that the interpolant has to go exactly through the data points is relaxed. It is only required to approach the data points as closely as possible (within some other constraints).