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Ancestrally, dinosaurs showed approximately 50 caudal vertebrae, although their number, size, and shape varied considerably in the separate groups. The number of caudals decreased along the evolutionary line leading to modern birds; in the latter, the remaining caudals are fused together into a pygostyle.
Scale diagram comparing a human and the longest-known dinosaurs of five major clades An adult male bee hummingbird, the smallest known and the smallest living dinosaur. Size is an important aspect of dinosaur paleontology, of interest to both the general public and professional scientists.
The mode of Mesozoic dinosaur body masses is between 1 and 10 metric tons (1.1 and 11.0 short tons). [139] This contrasts sharply with the average size of Cenozoic mammals, estimated by the National Museum of Natural History as about 2 to 5 kg (4.4 to 11.0 lb). [140] The sauropods were the largest and heaviest dinosaurs.
tr This is a list of stratigraphic units from which dinosaur body fossils have been recovered. Although Dinosauria is a clade which includes modern birds, this article covers only Mesozoic stratigraphic units. Units listed are all either formation rank or higher (e.g. group).
Chart of the time-averaged census for large-bodied dinosaurs from the entire Hell Creek Formation in the study area According to studies published in 2021 by Charles Marshall et al., the total population of adult Tyrannosaurus at any given time was perhaps 20,000 individuals, with computer estimations also suggesting a total population no lower ...
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The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to dinosaurs: . Dinosaurs – diverse group of animals of the clade and superorder Dinosauria.They were the dominant terrestrial vertebrates for over 160 million years, from the late Triassic period (about in 1963) until the end of the Cretaceous (2000), when the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event led to the extinction ...
The body-positive movement has encouraged people, especially women, to see beauty in all shapes and sizes, and it's reminded us that body ideals are culturally constructed and not based on science.