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Richard Beckhard (1918–1999) was an American organizational theorist, adjunct professor at MIT, and researcher in the field of organization development. Beckhard co-launched the Addison-Wesley Organization Development Series and began the Organization Development Network in 1967. [ 1 ]
Using theory and methods drawn from such behavioral sciences as industrial/organizational psychology, industrial sociology, communication, cultural anthropology, administrative theory, organizational behavior, economics, and political science, the change agent's main function is to help the organization define and solve its own problems. The ...
The formula for change (or "the change formula") provides a model to assess the relative strengths affecting the likely success of organisational change programs. The formula was created by David Gleicher while he was working at management consultants Arthur D. Little in the early 1960s, [1] refined by Kathie Dannemiller in the 1980s, [2] and further developed by Steve Cady.
As Beckhard [1] said in the preface to his seminal work: ... in our rapidly changing environment, new organization forms must be developed; more effective goal-setting and planning processes must be learned, and practiced teams of independent people must spend real time improving their methods of working, decision-making and communicating.
One of the foundational definitions in the field of organizational development (aka OD) is planned change: . According to Beckard defines that “Organization Development is an effort planned, organization-wide, and managed from the top, to increase organization effectiveness and health through planned interventions in the organization's 'processes,' using behavioral-science knowledge.”
It opened the way for further developments in the psychology of teams, leadership and interpersonal compatibility; cognitive behavior therapy, social cognitive theory (educational psychology); choice theory; [14] "Principled Negotiation". 26 September 2022., positive psychology and organization development.
Human development theory is a theory which uses ideas from different origins, such as ecology, sustainable development, feminism and welfare economics. It wants to avoid normative politics and is focused on how social capital and instructional capital can be deployed to optimize the overall value of human capital in an economy.
Chris Argyris (July 16, 1923 – November 16, 2013 [1]) was an American business theorist and professor at Yale School of Management and Harvard Business School.Argyris, like Richard Beckhard, Edgar Schein and Warren Bennis, [citation needed] is known as a co-founder of organization development, and known for seminal work on learning organizations.