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Island Paradox: Puerto Rico in the 1990s. Russell Sage Foundation. ISBN 978-0-87154-751-4. Scarano, Francisco A. Sugar and slavery in Puerto Rico: The plantation economy of Ponce, 1800-1850 (U of Wisconsin Press, 1984). Schmidt-Nowara, Christopher. Empire and Antislavery: Spain, Cuba, and Puerto Rico, 1833-1874 (U of Pittsburgh Press, 1999).
From the start of the conquest of Puerto Rico, Castilians ruled over the religious (Catholicism) and political life. Some came to the island for just a few years and then returned to Spain. However, many stayed. Among Puerto Rico's founding families were the Castilian Ponce de León family.
The earliest period of Māori settlement is known as the "Archaic", "Moahunter" or "Colonisation" period. The eastern Polynesian ancestors of the Māori arrived in a forested land with abundant birdlife , including several now extinct moa species weighing between 20 kilograms (44 lb) and 250 kg (550 lb) each.
The Spanish–American War (1898) ended Spanish control of Cuba (gained independence in 1902 independent but remained under heavy U.S. influence until 1959 through the Platt Amendment and Cuban–American Treaty of Relations (1903)) and Puerto Rico (which became a U.S. protectorate with Puerto Ricans becoming U.S. citizens in 1917, and Puerto ...
Columbus named the island San Juan Bautista, in honor of Saint John the Baptist, while the capital city was named Ciudad de Puerto Rico ("Rich Port City"). [21] Eventually traders and other maritime visitors came to refer to the entire island as Puerto Rico, while San Juan became the name used for the main trading/shipping port and the capital ...
On Oct. 18 of that year, the U.S. took control of Puerto Rico and raised the American flag on the island — a decision with echoing consequences still felt 125 years later.
Puerto Rico is also home to the largest Jewish community in the Caribbean, with 3,000 Jewish inhabitants. [52] Some Puerto Ricans have converted, not only as individuals but as entire families. Puerto Rico is the only Caribbean island in which the Conservative, Reform and Orthodox Jewish movements are represented. [7] [53]
In 1935, a short-lived attempt at colonization was begun on this island – as well as on nearby Howland Island – but was disrupted by World War II and thereafter abandoned. Presently the island is a National Wildlife Refuge run by the U.S. Department of the Interior; a day beacon is situated near the middle of the west coast.