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A paraganglioma is a rare neuroendocrine neoplasm that may develop at various body sites (including the head, neck, thorax and abdomen). When the same type of tumor is found in the adrenal gland, they are referred to as a pheochromocytoma .
A gangliocytic paraganglioma is a rare tumour that is typically found in the duodenum and consists of three components: (1) ganglion cells, (2) epithelioid cells (paraganglioma-like) and, (3) spindle cells (schwannoma-like).
The majority of glomus tumors are benign, but they can also show malignant features. [4] Glomus tumors were first described by Hoyer in 1877 while the first complete clinical description was given by Masson in 1924. [5] Histologically, glomus tumors are made up of an afferent arteriole, anastomotic vessel, and collecting venule. Glomus tumors ...
A zellballen is a small nest of chromaffin cells or chief cells with pale eosinophilic staining. Zellballen are separated into groups by segmenting bands of fibrovascular stroma, and are surrounded by supporting sustentacular cells. [1]
Ganglioneuroma (occasionally called a "ganglioma") is a rare and benign tumor of the autonomic nerve fibers arising from neural crest sympathogonia (undifferentiated cells of the sympathetic nervous system). [1]
Patients with a paraganglioma are more likely to develop metastases than those with a pheochromocytoma. [134] The most common extra-adrenal sites of metastases are the lymph nodes , lung , liver , and bone . [ 135 ]
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The World Health Organization (WHO) classification scheme places neuroendocrine tumors into three main categories, which emphasize the tumor grade rather than the anatomical origin: [4] [5] well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors, further subdivided into tumors with benign and those with uncertain behavior