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  2. Sahelian kingdoms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahelian_empires

    The Sahelian kingdoms were a series of centralized kingdoms or empires that were centered on the Sahel, the area of grasslands south of the Sahara, from the 8th century to the 19th. The wealth of the states came from controlling the trade routes across the desert.

  3. List of kingdoms and empires in African history - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_kingdoms_and...

    There were many kingdoms and empires in all regions of the continent of Africa throughout history. A kingdom is a state with a king or queen as its head. [1] An empire is a political unit made up of several territories, military outposts, and peoples, "usually created by conquest, and divided between a dominant centre and subordinate peripheries".

  4. Free Zone (region) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Zone_(region)

    The Free Zone or Liberated Territories (Arabic: المنطقة الحرة, romanized: al-minṭaqa al-ḥurra) is a term used by the Polisario Front government of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, a partially recognized sovereign state in the western Maghreb, to describe the part of Western Sahara that lies to the east of a 2,200-kilometre (1,400 mi) border wall flanked by a minefield, [1 ...

  5. List of active separatist movements in Africa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_active_separatist...

    Biafra is a charter member of the Organization of Emerging African States [6] Republic of Oduduwa Ethnic group: Yorùbá ethnic groups in Ekiti, Lagos, Ogun, Ondo, Oyo, Osun, Kwara, Òkun in Kogi states in Nigeria, Itsekiris in Delta state and Akoko in Edo state. Proposed state: Republic of Oduduwa

  6. Kanem–Bornu Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanem–Bornu_Empire

    Kanuri legend states that Sayf ibn Dhi Yazan founded the Sayfawa dynasty. [15] The new dynasty controlled the Zaghawa trade links in the central Sahara with Bilma and other salt mines. Yet, the principal trade commodity was slaves.

  7. International recognition of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_recognition...

    Several states that do not recognize the Sahrawi Republic nonetheless recognize the Polisario Front as the legitimate representative of the population of the Western Sahara, but not as the government-in-exile of a sovereign state. The SADR has been a member of the African Union (AU), formerly the Organization of African Unity (OAU), since 1984.

  8. Sahel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahel

    The wealth of the states, like the legendary Mali Empire at the time of Mansa Musa, came from controlling the trans-Saharan trade routes across the desert, especially with the Maghreb. Their power came from having large pack animals like camels and horses that were fast enough to keep a large empire under central control and were also useful in ...

  9. Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic...

    The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, [e] also known as the Sahrawi Republic and Western Sahara, is a partially recognized state, located in the western Maghreb, which claims the non-self-governing territory of Western Sahara, but controls only the easternmost one-fifth of that territory. It is recognized by 44 UN member states and South Ossetia.