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MRI contrast agents may be administered by injection into the blood stream or orally, depending on the subject of interest. Oral administration is well suited to gastrointestinal tract scans, while intravascular administration proves more useful for most other scans. MRI contrast agents can be classified [2] by their: Chemical composition
Diatrizoate, also known as amidotrizoate, Gastrografin, is a contrast agent used during X-ray imaging. [1] This includes visualizing veins, the urinary system, spleen, and joints, as well as computer tomography (CT scan). [1] It is given by mouth, injection into a vein, injection into the bladder, through a nasogastric tube, or rectally. [2] [3]
Iodinated contrast is a form of water-soluble, intravenous radiocontrast agent containing iodine, which enhances the visibility of vascular structures and organs during radiographic procedures. Some pathologies, such as cancer , have particularly improved visibility with iodinated contrast.
MRI without contrast agents is the imaging mode of choice for pre-surgical, in-utero diagnosis and evaluation of fetal tumors, primarily teratomas, facilitating open fetal surgery, other fetal interventions, and planning for procedures (such as the EXIT procedure) to safely deliver and treat babies whose defects would otherwise be fatal.
Iodinated contrast contains iodine.It is the main type of radiocontrast used for intravenous administration.Iodine has a particular advantage as a contrast agent for radiography because its innermost electron ("k-shell") binding energy is 33.2 keV, similar to the average energy of x-rays used in diagnostic radiography.
Iohexol, sold under the trade name Omnipaque among others, is a contrast agent used for X-ray imaging. [4] This includes when visualizing arteries, veins, ventricles of the brain, the urinary system, and joints, as well as during computed tomography (CT scan). [4] It is given by mouth, injection into a vein, or into a body cavity. [5]
A contrast agent (or contrast medium) is a substance used to increase the contrast of structures or fluids within the body in medical imaging. [1] Contrast agents absorb or alter external electromagnetism or ultrasound , which is different from radiopharmaceuticals , which emit radiation themselves.
Gadoteric acid, sold under the brand name Dotarem among others, is a macrocycle-structured gadolinium-based MRI contrast agent (GBCA).It consists of the organic acid DOTA as a chelating agent, and gadolinium (Gd 3+), and is used in form of the meglumine salt (gadoterate meglumine).