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As a supplement it is used to treat vitamin B12 deficiency including pernicious anemia. [1] [2] Other uses include treatment for cyanide poisoning, Leber's optic atrophy, and toxic amblyopia. [3] [4] It is given by injection into a muscle or vein, [2] by pill or sublingually. Side effects are generally few. [2]
This synthesis of vitamin B 12 is of no practical consequence due to its length, taking 72 chemical steps and giving an overall chemical yield well under 0.01%. [140] Although there have been sporadic synthetic efforts since 1972, [ 139 ] the Eschenmoser–Woodward synthesis remains the only completed (formal) total synthesis.
Cyanocobalamin is a form of vitamin B 12 used to treat and prevent vitamin B 12 deficiency except in the presence of cyanide toxicity. [7] [8] [2] The deficiency may occur in pernicious anemia, following surgical removal of the stomach, with fish tapeworm, or due to bowel cancer.
Vitamin B 12 deficiency can be determined, but not always. [14] This means it measures forms of vitamin B 12 that are "active" and can be used by the body, as well as the "inactive" forms, which cannot. [150] Vitamin B 12 deficiency can be found within normal levels, so clinical symptoms should be taken into account when a diagnosis is made. [2]
Methylcobalamin is equivalent physiologically to vitamin B 12, [3] and can be used to prevent or treat pathology arising from a lack of vitamin B 12 intake (vitamin B 12 deficiency). Methylcobalamin is also used in the treatment of peripheral neuropathy , diabetic neuropathy , and as a preliminary treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis .
Likewise, low vitamin D means lower calcium absorption. This double whammy can lead to a vicious cycle of dropping levels, putting us at risk for thin, weakened bones —and, ultimately ...
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