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  2. Gauge theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_theory

    The transformations between possible gauges, called gauge transformations, form a Lie group—referred to as the symmetry group or the gauge group of the theory. Associated with any Lie group is the Lie algebra of group generators. For each group generator there necessarily arises a corresponding field (usually a vector field) called the gauge ...

  3. Introduction to gauge theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_gauge_theory

    A gauge theory is a type of theory in physics.The word gauge means a measurement, a thickness, an in-between distance (as in railroad tracks), or a resulting number of units per certain parameter (a number of loops in an inch of fabric or a number of lead balls in a pound of ammunition). [1]

  4. Gauge covariant derivative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_covariant_derivative

    Consider a generic (possibly non-Abelian) gauge transformation acting on a component field = =.The main examples in field theory have a compact gauge group and we write the symmetry operator as () = where () is an element of the Lie algebra associated with the Lie group of symmetry transformations, and can be expressed in terms of the hermitian generators of the Lie algebra (i.e. up to a ...

  5. Quiver diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quiver_diagram

    In theoretical physics, a quiver diagram is a graph representing the matter content of a gauge theory that describes D-branes on orbifolds. Quiver diagrams may also be used to described N = 2 {\displaystyle {\mathcal {N}}=2} supersymmetric gauge theories in four dimensions.

  6. Mathematical formulation of the Standard Model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_formulation...

    Standard Model of Particle Physics. The diagram shows the elementary particles of the Standard Model (the Higgs boson, the three generations of quarks and leptons, and the gauge bosons), including their names, masses, spins, charges, chiralities, and interactions with the strong, weak and electromagnetic forces.

  7. Gauge block - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_block

    Metric gauge block set, 112 pcs Another set with 8 pcs, 125 mm - 500 mm Trolley model. Gauge blocks (also known as gage blocks, Johansson gauges, slip gauges, or Jo blocks) are a system for producing precision lengths. The individual gauge block is a metal or ceramic block that has been precision ground and lapped to a specific thickness. Gauge ...

  8. Gauge principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_principle

    In physics, a gauge principle specifies a procedure for obtaining an interaction term from a free Lagrangian which is symmetric with respect to a continuous symmetry—the results of localizing (or gauging) the global symmetry group must be accompanied by the inclusion of additional fields (such as the electromagnetic field), with appropriate kinetic and interaction terms in the action, in ...

  9. Gauge fixing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_fixing

    The Coulomb gauge (also known as the transverse gauge) is used in quantum chemistry and condensed matter physics and is defined by the gauge condition (more precisely, gauge fixing condition) (,) =. It is particularly useful for "semi-classical" calculations in quantum mechanics, in which the vector potential is quantized but the Coulomb ...