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Choriocarcinoma is a malignant, trophoblastic [1] cancer, usually of the placenta. It is characterized by early hematogenous spread to the lungs. It is characterized by early hematogenous spread to the lungs.
Endodermal sinus tumor (EST) is a member of the germ cell tumor group of cancers. [1] It is the most common testicular tumor in children under three, [2] and is also known as infantile embryonal carcinoma.
Spermatocytic tumor, previously called spermatocytic seminoma, is a neoplasm of the testis (i.e. a tumour of the testis), and classified as a germ cell tumour.. The name of the tumour comes from the similarity (under the microscope) between the small cells of the tumour and secondary spermatocytes.
A micrograph showing a choriocarcinoma spread to the lung [13] Choriocarcinomas are exceptionally rare which account for 2.1%-3.4% of all OGCTs. [ 14 ] Under gross examination, the syncytiotrophoblast cells are aligned in a plexiform arrangement with the mononucleated cytotrophoblast cells surrounding the foci of the hemorrhage. [ 1 ]
Relative incidences of testicular tumors, showing seminoma at bottom left. [2]A seminoma is a germ cell tumor of the testicle or, more rarely, the mediastinum or other extra-gonadal locations.
Gestational choriocarcinoma is a form of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, which is a type of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), that can occur during pregnancy. It is a rare disease where the trophoblast , a layer of cells surrounding the blastocyst , undergoes abnormal developments, leading to trophoblastic tumors .
The exact pathogenesis of choriocarcinoma has not been fully understood, but studies have shown cytotrophoblast cells function as stem cells and transform into malignant form. The neoplastic cytotrophoblast further differentiates into either intermediate trophoblasts or syncytiotrophoblast. [citation needed]
(A) Colorectal choriocarcinoma: biphasic solid nests and trabeculae of mononucleated cells with clear cytoplasm (thin yellow arrow) and pleomorphic cells with abundant vacuolated or eosinophilic cytoplasm and single or multiple vescicular nuclei with conspicuous nucleoli (thick yellow arrow).