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2. General covariance - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_covariance

   A more modern interpretation of the physical content of the original principle of general covariance is that the Lie group GL 4 (R) is a fundamental "external" symmetry of the world. Other symmetries, including "internal" symmetries based on compact groups , now play a major role in fundamental physical theories.

3. List of equations in classical mechanics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_equations_in...

   Classical mechanics is the branch of physics used to describe the motion of macroscopic objects. [1] It is the most familiar of the theories of physics. The concepts it covers, such as mass, acceleration, and force, are commonly used and known. [2] The subject is based upon a three-dimensional Euclidean space with fixed axes, called a frame of ...

4. Physics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics

   Physics is the scientific study of matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. [1] Physics is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines. [2] [3] [4] A scientist who specializes in the field of physics is called a physicist.

5. FORM (symbolic manipulation system) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FORM_(symbolic...

   FORM has been the essential tool to calculate the higher-order QCD beta function. The mathematical structure of multiple zeta values has been researched with dedicated FORM programs. [2] The software package FormCalc which is widely used in the physics community to calculate Feynman diagrams is built on top of FORM.

6. Outline of physics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_physics

   Physics – natural science that involves the study of matter [1] and its motion through spacetime, along with related concepts such as energy and force. [2] More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves. [3] [4] [5]

7. Berkeley Physics Course - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_Physics_Course

   The Berkeley course was contemporary with The Feynman Lectures on Physics (a college course at a similar mathematical level), and PSSC Physics (a high school introductory course). These physics courses were all developed in the atmosphere of urgency about science education created in the West by Sputnik.

8. Mathematical formulation of the Standard Model - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_formulation...

   Note that we have to redefine a new U(1) symmetry of weak hypercharge, different from QED, in order to achieve the unification with the weak force. The electric charge Q , third component of weak isospin T 3 (also called T z , I 3 or I z ) and weak hypercharge Y W are related by Q = T 3 + 1 2 Y W , {\displaystyle Q=T_{3}+{\tfrac {1}{2}}Y_{\rm ...

9. Mathematical physics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_physics

   Applying the techniques of mathematical physics to classical mechanics typically involves the rigorous, abstract, and advanced reformulation of Newtonian mechanics in terms of Lagrangian mechanics and Hamiltonian mechanics (including both approaches in the presence of constraints).