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R-469A is used in climate simulation test chambers for reaching temperatures as low as –70 °C. It is used as a substitute for R-23. The properties of R-469A with regards to cooling rate, thermal compensation, and air distribution are almost identical to those of R-23.
Fuel fraction is a key parameter in determining an aircraft's range, the distance it can fly without refueling. Breguet ’s aircraft range equation describes the relationship of range with airspeed , lift-to-drag ratio , specific fuel consumption , and the part of the total fuel fraction available for cruise, also known as the cruise fuel ...
A 1.5-liter and a 10-liter AdBlue container Hino truck and its SCR next to the diesel particulate filter (DPF) with regeneration process by the late fuel injection to control exhaust temperature to burn off soot [1] [2] Passenger car using an AdBlue pump
−0.88 g/cm 3, still consistent with a rocky composition, and a lower core mass fraction of 49 ± 7%. [4] For comparison, Earth's core comprises about 32.5% of its mass. The 2020 study also suggests that about 4% of the planet's mass is composed of water, suggesting it could be an ocean world estimated to have an average ocean depth of 779 ± ...
UAN is a solution of urea and ammonium nitrate in water used as a fertilizer.The combination of urea and ammonium nitrate has an extremely low critical relative humidity (18% at 30 °C) and can therefore only be used in liquid fertilizers.
General; Tax avoidance. Repatriation tax avoidance; Tax evasion; Tax resistance; Tax shelter; Debtors' prison; Smuggling; Black market; Unreported employment; Corporate
Recycling rates by country 2019 Country % recycling % composting % incineration with energy recovery % incineration without energy recovery % other recovery
In northern latitude waters, the fraction of cells using glucose (fraction of active cells) is higher in summer than winter, [11] and high abundances may occur after phytoplankton blooms, [12] [13] although a study in southern high-latitude waters found lower abundances of Polaribacter after an in situ diatom bloom.