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  2. Genealogical DNA test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genealogical_DNA_test

    A genealogical DNA test is a DNA-based genetic test used in genetic genealogy that looks at specific locations of a person's genome in order to find or verify ancestral genealogical relationships, or (with lower reliability) to estimate the ethnic mixture of an individual. Since different testing companies use different ethnic reference groups ...

  3. Genetic testing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_testing

    Genetic testing, also known as DNA testing, is used to identify changes in DNA sequence or chromosome structure. Genetic testing can also include measuring the results of genetic changes, such as RNA analysis as an output of gene expression , or through biochemical analysis to measure specific protein output. [ 1 ]

  4. GC skew - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GC_skew

    GC or AT skew changes sign at the boundaries of the two replichores, which correspond to DNA replication origin or terminus. [ 2 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Originally, this asymmetric nucleotide composition was explained as a different mechanism used in DNA replication between the leading strand and lagging strand.

  5. Sequence homology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequence_homology

    Sequence homology is the biological homology between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences, defined in terms of shared ancestry in the evolutionary history of life. Two segments of DNA can have shared ancestry because of three phenomena: either a speciation event (orthologs), or a duplication event (paralogs), or else a horizontal (or lateral) gene ...

  6. DNA sequencing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_sequencing

    DNA from individual bacterial clones is sequenced and the sequence is assembled by using overlapping DNA regions. Large-scale sequencing often aims at sequencing very long DNA pieces, such as whole chromosomes , although large-scale sequencing can also be used to generate very large numbers of short sequences, such as found in phage display .

  7. Identity by descent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_by_descent

    A DNA segment is identical by state (IBS) in two or more individuals if they have identical nucleotide sequences in this segment. An IBS segment is identical by descent (IBD) in two or more individuals if they have inherited it from a common ancestor without recombination, that is, the segment has the same ancestral origin in these individuals.

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