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The forced conversions of Muslims in Spain were enacted through a series of edicts outlawing Islam in the lands of the Spanish Monarchy. This persecution was pursued by three Spanish kingdoms during the early 16th century: the Crown of Castile in 1500–1502, followed by Navarre in 1515–1516, and lastly the Crown of Aragon in 1523–1526.
Furthermore, the Jews and Christians could practice their religions without fear of harassment or persecution." [13] The Muslim rulers of Spain "relied on the Jews for diplomacy and public administration who were inaugurated into posts of commerce and played important roles in cities such as Toledo and Cordoba". [13]
The Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula (Arabic: فَتْحُ الأَنْدَلُس, romanized: fatḥu l-andalus; 711–720s), also known as the Arab conquest of Spain, [1] was the Umayyad conquest of the Visigothic Kingdom of Hispania in the early 8th century.
920 – Muslim forces under the command of Abd al-Rahman III take the city of San Esteban de Gormaz; 920 – Muslim forces cross the Pyrenees, enter Gascony, and reach as far as the gates of Toulouse. The garrison of Muez is killed. 924 – The city of Pamplona is destroyed by forces led by Abd al-Rahman III.
The persecution of Muslims has been recorded throughout the history of Islam, beginning with its founding by Muhammad in the 7th century. In the early days of Islam in Mecca , pre-Islamic Arabia , the new Muslims were frequently subjected to abuse and persecution by the Meccans , known as the Mushrikun in Islam, who were adherents to polytheism.
Crypto-Muslims continued to exist in Spain for centuries after decree on the expulsion of the Moriscos but Islam continued to slowly die out to the 19th century, as it being forced to be concealed led to its demise. [30] Many Moriscos settled in parts of the Ottoman Empire from around 1609 until the 1620s, especially in Galata. [31]
In Mecca, only Muslims are allowed, while non-Muslims may not enter or pass through. Attempting to enter Mecca as a non-Muslim can result in penalties such as a fine; [52] being in Mecca as a non-Muslim can result in deportation. [56] In Medina, non-Muslims are not allowed to enter Nabawi Square, where the Al-Masjid Al-Nabawi is located.
Spain's population of 7 million included up to a million recent converts from Islam and 200,000 converts from Judaism, who were collectively referred to as "New Christians". Converts from Judaism were referred to as conversos or Marranos and converts from Islam were known as Moriscos .