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  2. Operant conditioning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operant_conditioning

    Operant conditioning differs from classical conditioning in both mechanism and outcome. While classical conditioning pairs stimuli to produce involuntary, reflexive behaviors (like salivating at food), operant conditioning shapes voluntary behaviors through their consequences. Actions followed by rewards tend to be repeated, while those ...

  3. Pavlovian-instrumental transfer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavlovian-instrumental...

    Pavlovian-instrumental transfer (PIT) is a psychological phenomenon that occurs when a conditioned stimulus (CS, also known as a "cue") that has been associated with rewarding or aversive stimuli via classical conditioning alters motivational salience and operant behavior.

  4. Instinctive drift - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instinctive_drift

    Skinner described operant conditioning as strengthening behaviour through reinforcement. Reinforcement can consist of positive reinforcement, in which a desirable stimulus is added; negative reinforcement, in which an undesirable stimulus is taken away; positive punishment, in which an undesirable stimulus is added; and negative punishment, in which a desirable stimulus is taken away. [7]

  5. Classical conditioning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_conditioning

    Classical conditioning occurs when a conditioned stimulus (CS) is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US). Usually, the conditioned stimulus is a neutral stimulus (e.g., the sound of a tuning fork), the unconditioned stimulus is biologically potent (e.g., the taste of food) and the unconditioned response (UR) to the unconditioned stimulus is an unlearned reflex response (e.g., salivation).

  6. Discrimination learning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrimination_learning

    This type of learning is used in studies regarding operant and classical conditioning. Operant conditioning involves the modification of a behavior by means of reinforcement or punishment. In this way, a discriminative stimulus will act as an indicator to when a behavior will persist and when it will not. Classical conditioning involves ...

  7. Associative memory (psychology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associative_memory...

    Two important processes for learning associations, and thus forming associative memories, are operant conditioning and classical conditioning.Operant conditioning refers to a type of learning where behavior is controlled by environmental factors that influence the behavior of the subject in subsequent instances of the stimuli.

  8. NYT ‘Connections’ Hints and Answers Today, Saturday ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/nyt-connections-hints-answers-today...

    Get ready for all of today's NYT 'Connections’ hints and answers for #580 on Saturday, January 11, 2025. Today's NYT Connections puzzle for Saturday, January 11, 2025 The New York Times

  9. Reward system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reward_system

    In neuroscience, the reward system is a collection of brain structures and neural pathways that are responsible for reward-related cognition, including associative learning (primarily classical conditioning and operant reinforcement), incentive salience (i.e., motivation and "wanting", desire, or craving for a reward), and positively-valenced emotions, particularly emotions that involve ...

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