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In toxicology, the median lethal dose, LD 50 (abbreviation for "lethal dose, 50%"), LC 50 (lethal concentration, 50%) or LCt 50 is a toxic unit that measures the lethal dose of a given substance. [1] The value of LD 50 for a substance is the dose required to kill half the members of a tested population after a specified test duration.
In toxicology, the lethal dose (LD) is an indication of the lethal toxicity of a given substance or type of radiation.Because resistance varies from one individual to another, the "lethal dose" represents a dose (usually recorded as dose per kilogram of subject body weight) at which a given percentage of subjects will die.
The system is based on LD50 determination in rats, thus an oral solid agent with an LD50 at 5 mg or less/kg bodyweight is Class Ia, at 5–50 mg/kg is Class Ib, LD50 at 50–2000 mg/kg is Class II, and at LD50 at the concentration more than 2000 mg/kg is classified as Class III. Values may differ for liquid oral agents and dermal agents. [1]
It is calculated using the LD50 or LC50. [1] The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulation (1910.134(b)) defines the term as "an atmosphere that poses an immediate threat to life, would cause irreversible adverse health effects, or would impair an individual's ability to escape from a dangerous atmosphere."
The fixed-dose procedure (FDP), proposed in 1992 by the British Toxicology Society, is a method to assess a substance's acute oral toxicity. [1] [2]In comparison to the older LD 50 test developed in 1927, this procedure produces similar results while using fewer animals and causing less pain and suffering. [3]
The final toxicology report states the fentanyl detected in Heche's urine was administered in the hospital. The medical examiner determined Heche died of inhalation and thermal injuries.
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The oral LD50 was found to be greater than 2000 mg kg-1, whereas the intraperitoneal LD50 was 1900 mg kg-1. These results taken together with the good hydrolysis and bioavailability data show that this ester is a potential candidate as a prodrug of paracetamol.