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Due to the long time spans, the first plague pandemic (6th century – 8th century) and the second plague pandemic (14th century – early 19th century) are shown by individual outbreaks, such as the Plague of Justinian (first pandemic) and the Black Death (second pandemic). Infectious diseases with high prevalence are listed separately ...
A medical dictionary definition of pandemic is "an epidemic occurring on a scale that crosses international boundaries, usually affecting people on a worldwide scale". [14] A disease or condition is not a pandemic merely because it is widespread or kills many people; it must also be infectious.
The term pandemic had not been used then, but was used for later epidemics, including the 1918 H1N1 influenza A pandemic—more commonly known as the Spanish flu—which is the deadliest pandemic in history. The most recent pandemics include the HIV/AIDS pandemic, the 2009 swine flu pandemic and the COVID-19 pandemic. Almost all these diseases ...
The third plague pandemic was a major bubonic plague pandemic that began in Yunnan, China in 1855. [50] This episode of bubonic plague spread to all inhabited continents in the 1890s and first years of the 1900s, and ultimately led to more than 12,000,000 deaths in India and China, with about 10,000,000 killed in India alone.
The first pandemic that was reliably recorded began in July 1580 and swept across Europe, Africa, and Asia. [57] The mortality rate was high – 8,000 died in Rome. [58] The next three pandemics occurred in the 18th century, including that during 1781–82, which was probably the most devastating in history. [59]
The general definition of "global burden of disease" is the "collective disease burden produced by all the diseases in the world." [21] [81] 1990: Organization: The World Summit for Children takes place. The summit has the then-largest-ever gathering of heads of state and government to commit to a set of goals to improve the well-being of ...
A June 2018 review stated that pandemic plans worldwide were inadequate because natural viruses can emerge with case fatality rates exceeding 50%. However, health professionals and policymakers planned as if pandemics would never surpass the 2.5% case fatality rate of the Spanish flu pandemic in 1918. [4]
HIV was a zoonotic disease transmitted to humans in the early part of the 20th century, though it has now evolved into a separate human-only disease. [36] Some strains of bird flu and swine flu are zoonoses; these viruses occasionally recombine with human strains of the flu and can cause pandemics such as the 1918 Spanish flu or the 2009 swine ...