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Transcriptional inhibition through microRNA-mediated chromatin reorganization followed by gene silencing. It is often impossible to discern these mechanisms using experimental data about stationary reaction rates. Nevertheless, they are differentiated in dynamics and have different kinetic signatures. [94]
Major proteins of RISC, Ago2, SND1, and AEG-1, act as crucial contributors to the gene silencing function of the complex. [ 16 ] RISC uses the guide strand of miRNA or siRNA to target complementary 3'-untranslated regions (3'UTR) of mRNA transcripts via Watson-Crick base pairing , allowing it to regulate gene expression of the mRNA transcript ...
Gene silencing is the regulation of gene expression in a cell to prevent the expression of a certain gene. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Gene silencing can occur during either transcription or translation and is often used in research.
RNA silencing describes several mechanistically related pathways which are involved in controlling and regulating gene expression. [5] [6] [7] RNA silencing pathways are associated with the regulatory activity of small non-coding RNAs (approximately 20–30 nucleotides in length) that function as factors involved in inactivating homologous sequences, promoting endonuclease activity ...
AGO2 (grey) in complex with a microRNA (light blue) and its target mRNA (dark blue) In humans, there are eight AGO family members, some of which are investigated intensively. However, even though AGO1–4 are capable of loading miRNA, endonuclease activity and thus RNAi-dependent gene silencing exclusively belongs to AGO2.
A miRNA is expressed from a much longer RNA-coding gene as a primary transcript known as a pri-miRNA which is processed, in the cell nucleus, to a 70-nucleotide stem-loop structure called a pre-miRNA by the microprocessor complex. This complex consists of an RNase III enzyme called Drosha and a dsRNA-binding protein DGCR8.
Small interfering RNA (siRNA), sometimes known as short interfering RNA or silencing RNA, is a class of double-stranded non-coding RNA molecules, typically 20–24 base pairs in length, similar to microRNA (miRNA), and operating within the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway.
Mature microRNA hsa-miR-212-5p is involved in miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing, negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway, and enables mRNA base-pairing translational repressor activity.
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