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Kleptocracy (from Greek κλέπτης kléptēs, "thief", or κλέπτω kléptō, "I steal", and -κρατία-kratía from κράτος krátos, "power, rule"), also referred to as thievocracy, [1] [2] is a government whose corrupt leaders (kleptocrats) use political power to expropriate the wealth of the people and land they govern ...
The term plutocracy is generally used as a pejorative to describe or warn against an undesirable condition. [3] [4] Throughout history, political thinkers and philosophers have condemned plutocrats for ignoring their social responsibilities, using their power to serve their own purposes and thereby increasing poverty and nurturing class conflict and corrupting societies with greed and hedonism.
Term Description Examples Autocracy: Autocracy is a system of government in which supreme power (social and political) is concentrated in the hands of one person or polity, whose decisions are subject to neither external legal restraints nor regularized mechanisms of popular control (except perhaps for the implicit threat of a coup d'état or mass insurrection).
A 2018 study of state corruption in Russia during the 1750s–1830s found that "as far as we could tell on the basis of our sample of records, the volume of resources extracted from the population through ‘routine’ corruption appears to have been surprisingly low."
Types of democracy refers to the various governance structures that embody the principles of democracy ("rule by the people") in some way. Democracy is frequently applied to governments (ranging from local to global), but may also be applied to other constructs like workplaces, families, community associations, and so forth.
Russia's political system has been variously described as a kleptocracy, [347] an oligarchy, [348] and a plutocracy. [349] It was the lowest rated European country in Transparency International 's Corruption Perceptions Index for 2023, ranking 141st out of 180 countries. [ 350 ]
In some cases, government officials have broad or ill-defined powers, which make it difficult to distinguish between legal and illegal actions. Worldwide, bribery alone is estimated to involve over 1 trillion US dollars annually. [3] A state of unrestrained political corruption is known as a kleptocracy, literally meaning "rule by thieves".
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 16 December 2024. Activities associated with group decisions For other uses, see Politics (disambiguation). Part of the Politics series Politics Outline Index Category Primary topics Outline of political science Index of politics articles Politics by country Politics by subdivision Political economy ...