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Paquette, Gabriel B. Enlightenment, Governance, and Reform in Spain and Its Empire, 1759–1808 (2007) Smidt, Andrea J. "Bourbon regalism and the importation of gallicanism: the political path for a state religion in Eighteenth-Century Spain." Anuario de Historia de la Iglesia 19 (2010): 25–53. Shafer, R.J.
The Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España) entered a new era with the death of Charles II, the last Spanish Habsburg monarch, who died childless in 1700. The War of the Spanish Succession was fought between proponents of a Bourbon prince, Philip of Anjou, and the Austrian Habsburg claimant, Archduke Charles.
Social class in 18th-century Spain; Spanish Baroque painting; Spanish conquest of Oran (1732) Spanish Enlightenment literature; Spanish treasure fleet; Spanish–Portuguese War (1735–1737) Spanish–Portuguese War (1776–1777) Suppression of the Society of Jesus
Spanish Enlightenment literature is the literature of Spain written during the Age of Enlightenment. During the 18th century a new mentality emerged (in essence a continuation of the Renaissance) which swept away the old values of the Baroque era and was given the name the Enlightenment. This movement is based on a critical spirit, on the ...
In the late 18th century, Spain had an alliance with France, and therefore did not have to fear a land war. Its only serious enemy was Britain, which had a powerful navy; Spain therefore concentrated its resources on its navy. When the French Revolution overthrew the Bourbons, a land war with France became a threat which the king tried to avoid.
In 1776, Spain was a global empire, with territories spanning from Europe to the Americas and the Philippines. The influence of the Enlightenment was evident in the Spanish court, where ideas of rational governance, economic reform, and scientific progress were taking root under the guidance of Charles III and his enlightened ministers.
The sociedad de la España moderna ("society of modern Spain" in the sense of the Modern Age or Ancien Régime) was a network of communities of diverse nature, to which individuals were attached by bonds of belonging: territorial communities in the style of the house or the village; intermediate communities such as the manor and the cities and their land (alfoz or comunidad de villa y tierra ...
Map of Isla de San Carlos (Easter Island) compiled by the expedition of Felipe González Ahedo (1772). Museo Naval de Madrid. Throughout the Age of Enlightenment, the awareness of the poor state of science and technology in Spain arose out of the "negative introspection" of the arbitristas of the 17th and especially the 18th century. In the ...