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Herod gains influence over Batanaea to the east. As exilic Jews in Babylonia traveled through the area when coming to Judea for trade or pilgrimage, he establishes a Jewish settlement there to protect traders from brigands. [138] c. 8–7 BCE. Herod orders the execution of his two sons from his marriage to Mariamne, Alexander and Aristobulus.
Herod the Great medallion from Promptuarium Iconum Insigniorum, 16th century. Herod was born around 72 BCE [11] [12] in Idumea, south of Judea.He was the second son of Antipater the Idumaean, a high-ranking official under ethnarch Hyrcanus II, and Cypros, a Nabatean Arab princess from Petra, in present-day Jordan.
The Herodian dynasty began with Herod the Great who assumed the throne of Judea, with Roman support, bringing down the century-old Hasmonean Kingdom. His kingdom lasted until his death in 4 BCE, when it was divided among his sons and daughter as a tetrarchy , which lasted for about 10 years.
According to the Book of Ezra, the Persian Cyrus the Great ended the Babylonian exile in 538 BCE, [14] the year after he captured Babylon. [15] The exile ended with the return under Zerubbabel the Prince (so-called because he was a descendant of the royal line of David) and Joshua the Priest (a descendant of the line of the former High Priests of the Temple) and their construction of the ...
The installation of Herod the Great (an Idumean) as king in 37 BCE made Judea a Roman client state and marked the end of the Hasmonean dynasty. Even then, Herod tried to bolster the legitimacy of his reign by marrying a Hasmonean princess, Mariamne, and planning to drown the last male Hasmonean heir at his Jericho palace.
41 BCE (): Herod the Great begins reign in Jerusalem, which year corresponds to the 3rd year of 185th Olympiad. [114] 34 BCE (): Battle of Actium, corresponds with 2nd year of 187th Olympiad, and seventh year of King Herod's reign [115] 7 BCE (): Death of King Herod the Great, after reigning 34 years from his taking Jerusalem. [116]
In the soon-to-be-published “The Life of Herod the Great,” Zora Neale Hurston reframes one of the Bible’s greatest villains. Over […]
After Herod’s death, Judea became a province under Rome's direct rule. [10] Heavy taxes under the Romans and insensitivity towards the Jewish religion led to a revolt , and in 70 CE the Roman general (and later emperor) Titus captured Jerusalem and destroyed the Temple, bringing an end to the Second Temple period.