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Epeirogenic movements may divert rivers and create drainage divides by upwarping of the crust along axes. [7] [8] Example of this is the deflection of Eridanos River in the Pliocene Epoch by the uplift of the South Swedish Dome [7] or the present-day drainage divides between Limpopo and Zambezi rivers in southern Africa. [8]
Epeirogenic uplift is a long-wavelength form of uplift and be split up into two separate categories, which is transient and permanent. Permanent epeirogenic uplift is possibly mainly produced by magmatic underplating, [10] while transient uplift is more involved with mantle convection. [9]
Epeirogenic movement – Upheavals or depressions of land exhibiting long wavelengths and little folding; Fault mechanics – Field of study that investigates the behavior of geologic faults; Fold mountains – Mountains formed by compressive crumpling of the layers of rock; Guyot – Isolated, flat-topped underwater volcano mountain
In 1891, Gilbert examined the origins of a crater in Arizona, now known as Meteor Crater but then as Coon Butte. For several reasons, and against his intuition, he concluded it was the result of a volcanic steam explosion rather than an impact of a meteorite.
Dynamic rejuvenation may be caused by the epeirogenic uplift of a land mass. Warping or faulting of a drainage basin will steepen the stream gradient followed by the downcutting. The effect of seaward tilting can be felt immediately only when the direction of that stream is parallel to the direction of tilting.
The Sub-Cambrian peneplain extends as an almost continuous belt along the eastern coast of Sweden for some 700 km from north to south. [6] Near Stockholm and Hudiksvall the peneplain is densely dissected by joint valleys and at the High Coast is the Sub-Cambrian peneplain is both highly uplifted and eroded.
Since the Oligocene, episodic epeirogenic uplift gradually raised the entire region, including the Great Plains, to present elevations. Most of the modern topography is the result of Pliocene and Pleistocene events, including additional uplift, glaciation of the high country, and denudation and dissection of older Cenozoic surfaces in the basin ...
Orogenies in the surrounding provinces have had little effect on the craton, making it an epeirogenic region, [9] and, as such, the stable platform is mostly a crystalline basement, covered by sedimentary rocks, interrupted only by occasional domes, such as the Cincinnati Arch, Wisconsin Dome, and Ozark Dome. [7]