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  2. Biological interaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_interaction

    Interactions can be direct when physical contact is established or indirect, through intermediaries such as shared resources, territories, ecological services, metabolic waste, toxins or growth inhibitors. This type of relationship can be shown by net effect based on individual effects on both organisms arising out of relationship.

  3. Ecological network - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_network

    The relationship between ecosystem complexity and stability is a major topic of interest in ecology.Use of ecological networks makes it possible to analyze the effects of the network properties described above on the stability of an ecosystem.

  4. Balance of nature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_nature

    The balance of nature, also known as ecological balance, is a theory that proposes that ecological systems are usually in a stable equilibrium or homeostasis, which is to say that a small change (the size of a particular population, for example) will be corrected by some negative feedback that will bring the parameter back to its original "point of balance" with the rest of the system.

  5. Ecology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecology

    The important relationship between ecology and genetic inheritance predates modern techniques for molecular analysis. Molecular ecological research became more feasible with the development of rapid and accessible genetic technologies, such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

  6. Mutualism (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutualism_(biology)

    Mutualism describes the ecological interaction between two or more species where each species has a net benefit. [1] Mutualism is a common type of ecological interaction. Prominent examples are: the nutrient exchange between vascular plants and mycorrhizal fungi, the fertilization of flowering plants by pollinators,

  7. Competition (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competition_(biology)

    Whether above-ground or below-ground resources are more limiting can have major effects on the structure and diversity of ecological communities; in mixed beech stands, for example, size-asymmetric competition for light is a stronger predictor of growth compared with competition for soil resources. [24]

  8. Ecosystem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem

    Parent material determines the nature of the soil in an ecosystem, and influences the supply of mineral nutrients. Topography also controls ecosystem processes by affecting things like microclimate, soil development and the movement of water through a system. For example, ecosystems can be quite different if situated in a small depression on ...

  9. Outline of ecology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_ecology

    Ecosophy – Philosophy of ecological harmony or equilibrium as developed by Arne Næss or Félix Guattari – Environmental psychology – Academic study of the mind's relationship to one's immediate surroundings – Natural history – Study of organisms including plants or animals in their environment –