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Writing in ancient Sumer was a time-consuming activity known to few. For this reason, writing was mainly used to keep necessary economic records. Literacy in Uruk was also likely limited at the time. [1] A clay tablet detailing a trade transaction contains one of the first examples of rebus writing. [2]
Sumerian speakers were among the earliest people to record their beliefs in writing, and were a major inspiration in later Mesopotamian mythology, religion, and astrology. The Sumerians worshiped: An as the full-time god equivalent to heaven; indeed, the word an in Sumerian means sky and his consort Ki, means earth.
Enheduanna (Sumerian: ๐๐ถ๐๐ญ๐พ [1] Enแธซéduanna, also transliterated as Enheduana, En-he2-du7-an-na, or variants) was the entu (high) priestess of the moon god Nanna (Sฤซn) in the Sumerian city-state of Ur in the reign of her father, Sargon of Akkad (r.
The Sumerian King List provides a tentative political history of ancient Sumer and mentions, among others, several rulers of Ur. Mesannepada is the first king mentioned in the Sumerian King List, and appears to have lived in the 26th century BC.
A Sumerian relief of Ur-Nanshe, king of Lagash circa 2500 BCE. This dynasty is dated to the 26th century BC, about the same time as Elam is also mentioned clearly. [22] According to the Sumerian king list, Elam, Sumer's neighbor to the east, held the kingship in Sumer for a brief period, based in the city of Awan.
Dumuzid or Dumuzi or Tammuz (Sumerian: ๐๐ฃ, romanized: Dumuzid; Akkadian: Duสพลซzu, Dûzu; Hebrew: ืชึทึผืึผืึผื, romanized: Tammลซz), [a] [b] known to the Sumerians as Dumuzid the Shepherd (Sumerian: ๐๐ฃ๐บ๐ป, romanized: Dumuzid sipad) [3] and to the Canaanites as Adon (Phoenician: ๐ค๐ค๐ค; Proto-Hebrew: ๐ค๐ค๐ค), is an ancient Mesopotamian and Levantine deity ...
Alulim (Sumerian: ๐ ๐ป ๐ , romanized: Álulim; transliterated: aโ.lu.lim) was a mythological Mesopotamian ruler, regarded as the first king ever to rule. He is known from the Sumerian King List, Ballad of Early Rulers, and other similar sources which invariably place him in Eridu and assign a reign lasting thousands of years to him.
The cuneiform lexical lists are a series of ancient Mesopotamian glossaries which preserve the semantics of Sumerograms, their phonetic value and their Akkadian or other language equivalents. [1] They are the oldest literary texts from Mesopotamia and one of the most widespread genres in the ancient Near East .