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The term code, as defined by Stephen Littlejohn in Theories of Human Communication (2002), "refers to a set of organizing principles behind the language employed by members of a social group" (2002) suggests that Bernstein's theory shows how the language people use in everyday conversation both reflects and shapes the assumptions of a certain ...
Works by Basil Bernstein heavily influenced Philipsen. Bernstein used the term "speech codes" in sociology and further elaborated on speech codes and their contexts. He stated that, "within the same society, there can exist different social groups or social classes whose communicative practices differ in important ways" (Philipsen,1997).
The idea of these social language codes from Bernstein contrast with famous linguist Noam Chomsky's ideas. Chomsky, deemed the "father of modern linguistics", argues that there is a universal grammar, meaning that humans are born with an innate capacity for linguistic skills like sentence-building. This theory has been criticized by several ...
Contextualization cues are both verbal and non-verbal signs that language speakers use and language listeners hear that give clues into relationships, the situation, and the environment of the conversation (Ishida 2006). An example of contextualization in academia is the work of Basil Bernstein (1990 [1971]).
The concept of elaborated and restricted codes was introduced by sociologist Basil Bernstein in his book Class, Codes and Control. The use of an elaborated code indicates that the speaker and listener do not share significant amounts of common knowledge, and hence they may need to "spell out" their ideas more fully: elaborated codes tend to be ...
the substance of the speech codes (whether they contained a vocabulary or way of speaking that held meanings for social constructs and worlds). how speech codes could be observed and formulated. the force of the speech code in social life. (Philipsen and Albrecht 119-156) Works by Basil Bernstein heavily influenced Philipsen. Bernstein used the ...
Language, the Learner and the School (with Douglas Barnes, Penguin, 1969) Language and class: A critical look at the theories of Basil Bernstein (1972) The Language of Primary School Children (with Connie Rosen, Penguin, 1973) Languages and Dialects of London Schoolchildren: An Investigation (with Tyrrell Burgess, 1980)
This movement was interested in the Durkheimian concept of language as a social fact or a rule-based code of conduct; but eventually rejected the structuralist idea that the individual cannot change the norm. Post-structuralists study how language affects our understanding of reality thus serving as a tool of shaping society. [37] [38]