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A typical 12 V, 40 Ah lead-acid car battery. An automotive battery, or car battery, is a rechargeable battery that is used to start a motor vehicle.. Its main purpose is to provide an electric current to the electric-powered starting motor, which in turn starts the chemically-powered internal combustion engine that actually propels the vehicle.
The battery is modeled as a voltage source in series with a resistance R s representing the battery's internal resistance. V oc is the battery's open-circuit voltage and I sc = V oc /R s is the short-circuit current. In its normal operating range the current through the battery is in the direction of increasing electric potential, so its static ...
Lithium-ion battery-equipped EVs provide 320–540 km (200–340 mi) of range per charge. [91] The internal resistance of some batteries may be significantly increased at low temperature [92] which can cause noticeable reduction in the range of the vehicle and on the lifetime of the battery.
Epsom salts reduce the internal resistance in a weak or damaged battery and may allow a small amount of extended life. EDTA can be used to dissolve the sulfate deposits of heavily discharged plates. However, the dissolved material is then no longer available to participate in the normal charge-discharge cycle, so a battery temporarily revived ...
In both types of cell, the self-discharge rate is highest for a full charge state and drops off somewhat for lower charge states. Finally, a similarly sized Ni–Cd battery has a slightly lower internal resistance, and thus can achieve a higher maximum discharge rate (which can be important for applications such as power tools).
A real battery can be modeled as an ideal battery with a specified EMF, in series with an internal resistance. As a battery discharges, the EMF may drop or the internal resistance increase; in many cases the EMF remains more or less constant during most of the discharge, with the voltage drop across the internal resistance determining the ...
A Battery: Eveready 742: 1.5 V: Metal tabs H: 101.6 L: 63.5 W: 63.5 Used to provide power to the filament of a vacuum tube. B Battery: Eveready 762-S: 45 V: Threaded posts H: 146 L: 104.8 W: 63.5 Used to supply plate voltage in vintage vacuum tube equipment. Origin of the term B+ for plate voltage power supplies.
In this type the resistance varies with the applied voltage or current. Negative resistance vs positive resistance: If the I–V curve has a positive slope (increasing to the right) throughout, it represents a positive resistance. An I–V curve that is nonmonotonic (having peaks and valleys) represents a device which has negative resistance.
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