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“The gut microbiome is in constant conversation with the immune system, and so inflammation at a local level can cascade through the immune system and cause system effects,” he added.
As of 2019, about 4.9 million people globally were living with an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) such as Crohn’s disease. Scientists are still unclear as to the exact cause of Crohn’s ...
Gut-specific homing is the mechanism by which activated T cells and antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) are targeted to both inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the gut in order to provide an effective immune response. This process relies on the key interaction between the integrin α4β7 and the addressin MadCAM-1 on the surfaces of the ...
The gut microbiome employs various approaches to interact with the host immune system. For instance, B. fragilis , which is symbiotic in humans, can transfer immune regulatory molecules to immune cells through the secretion of outer membrane vesicles .
Huttenhower's lab worked extensively with the NIH Human Microbiome Project (HMP) to identify and characterise the microorganisms found in association with both healthy and diseased humans. [2] [3] [4] As of 2015, he co-leads one of the follow-up 'HMP2' Centers for Characterizing the Gut Microbial Ecosystem in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. [14]
Microfluidics gut-on-a-chip devices, which simulate the conditions of the gut and allow analysis of changes to the microbiome that can be more accurately monitored than in situ [18]. Mechanical DNA extraction techniques and gene amplification methods, such as PCR, to analyze the genomic profile of the entire microbiome. [18]
Many of the symptoms are due to malabsorption of nutrients due to the effects of bacteria which either metabolize nutrients or cause inflammation of the small bowel, impairing absorption. The symptoms of bacterial overgrowth include nausea , flatus , [ 5 ] constipation , [ 6 ] bloating, abdominal distension, abdominal pain or discomfort ...
Vedolizumab is a gut-selective, Alpha-4 Beta-7 anti-integrin, monoclonal antibody that was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat Crohn's disease in 2014. It is indicated for management of moderate-to-severe, active Crohn's disease patients and it works by inhibiting the trafficking of pro-inflammatory immune cells to the ...
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