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  2. Śūnyatā - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Śūnyatā

    In Tibetan Buddhism, emptiness is often symbolized by and compared to the open sky [89] which is associated with openness and freedom. [90] In Tibetan Buddhism, emptiness (Wylie: stong-pa nyid) is mainly interpreted through the lens of Mādhyamaka philosophy, though the Yogacara- and Tathāgatagarbha-influenced interpretations are also influential.

  3. The Void (philosophy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Void_(philosophy)

    The concept of "The Void" in philosophy encompasses the ideas of nothingness and emptiness, a notion that has been interpreted and debated across various schools of metaphysics. In ancient Greek philosophy, the Void was discussed by thinkers like Democritus, who saw it as a necessary space for atoms to move, thereby enabling the existence of ...

  4. Madhyamaka - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhyamaka

    The Madhyamaka philosophy continued to be of major importance during the period of Indian Buddhism when the tantric Vajrayana Buddhism rose to prominence. One of the central Vajrayana Madhyamaka philosophers was Arya Nagarjuna (also known as the "Tantric Nagarjuna", 7th–8th centuries) who may be the author of the Bodhicittavivarana as well as ...

  5. Three marks of existence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_marks_of_existence

    In Buddhism, the three marks of existence are three characteristics (Pali: tilakkhaṇa; Sanskrit: त्रिलक्षण trilakṣaṇa) of all existence and beings, namely anicca (impermanence), dukkha (commonly translated as "suffering" or "cause of suffering", "unsatisfactory", "unease"), [note 1] and anattā (without a lasting essence).

  6. Eternal oblivion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eternal_oblivion

    Eternal oblivion (also referred to as non-existence or nothingness) [1] [2] is the philosophical, religious, or scientific concept of one's consciousness forever ceasing upon death. Pamela Health and Jon Klimo write that this concept is mostly associated with religious skepticism , secular humanism , nihilism , agnosticism , and atheism . [ 3 ]

  7. Two truths doctrine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two_truths_doctrine

    Based on their understanding of the Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra, the Chinese Buddhist monks and philosophers supposed that the teaching of the Buddha-nature (tathāgatagarbha) was, as stated by that Sūtra, the final Buddhist teaching, and that there is an essential truth above emptiness (śūnyatā) and the two truths. [5]

  8. Nihilism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilism

    The term nihilism was first introduced to philosophy by Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi (1743–1819), who used the term to characterize rationalism, [46] and in particular Spinoza's determinism and the Aufklärung, in order to carry out a reductio ad absurdum according to which all rationalism (philosophy as criticism) reduces to nihilism—and thus ...

  9. Impermanence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impermanence

    A Buddhist painting displaying Impermanence. Impermanence, also known as the philosophical problem of change, is a philosophical concept addressed in a variety of religions and philosophies. In Eastern philosophy it is notable for its role in the Buddhist three marks of existence. It is also an element of Hinduism.