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  2. Grand jury - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_jury

    A grand jury is a jury empowered by law to conduct legal proceedings, investigate potential criminal conduct, and determine whether criminal charges should be brought. A grand jury may subpoena physical evidence or a person to testify. A grand jury is separate from the courts, which do not preside over its functioning. [1]

  3. List of Philippine legal terms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Philippine_legal_terms

    The Court's majority opinion. ponente [2] speaker [at a meeting] Spanish The writer of the Court's majority opinion. Mostly used in the context of the Supreme Court, but can be used at the Regional Trial Court level. prefatory statement [2] N/A: English A statement which summarizes a legal document, similar to an abstract. prisión correccional

  4. Judiciary of the Philippines - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judiciary_of_the_Philippines

    The Supreme Court (SC) is the highest court of the land and is the court of last resort. [ 1 ] : 6 It is led by the Chief Justice , who is joined by 14 Associate Justices . [ 1 ] : 39 The court has expansive powers and a constitutional responsibility to oversee other branches of government, able even to overrule the discretion of political and ...

  5. Grand juries in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_juries_in_the_United...

    Rule 6 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure governs grand juries. It requires grand juries to be composed of 16 to 23 members and that 12 members must concur in an indictment. [15] [16] A grand jury is instructed to return an indictment if the probable cause standard has been met.

  6. Adversarial system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adversarial_system

    Judges in an adversarial system are impartial in ensuring the fair play of due process, or fundamental justice.Such judges decide, often when called upon by counsel rather than of their own motion, what evidence is to be admitted when there is a dispute; though in some common law jurisdictions judges play more of a role in deciding what evidence to admit into the record or reject.

  7. Subpoena ad testificandum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subpoena_ad_testificandum

    The rule provides the means of invoking the in personam jurisdiction of the court in civil actions and will control if other relevant statutes or rules make no special provisions for service of process in other relevant statutes and rules. The nature of Rule 4 is procedural rather than substantive in nature.

  8. Infrequent grand juries can mean long pretrial waits in jail ...

    www.aol.com/news/infrequent-grand-juries-mean...

    Starting during the summer, law students and staff at the center spent several weeks issuing more than 100 public records requests and calling the offices of district attorneys and court clerks to ...

  9. California (1884), the Supreme Court held that the Grand Jury Clause was not incorporated to apply to the states by the Fourteenth Amendment. [20] If the grand jury right attaches, every element of the charged crime must be submitted to the grand jury. [21] Thus, the prosecution cannot augment the indictment without returning to a grand jury. [22]