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  2. Grade separation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grade_separation

    Bridges (or overpasses, also called flyovers), tunnels (or underpasses), or a combination of both can be built at a junction to achieve the needed grade separation. In North America, a grade-separated junction may be referred to as a grade separation [1] [2] or as an interchange – in contrast with an intersection, at-grade, a diamond crossing ...

  3. Bridge pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridge_pattern

    The bridge pattern is a design pattern used in software engineering that is meant to "decouple an abstraction from its implementation so that the two can vary independently", introduced by the Gang of Four. [1] The bridge uses encapsulation, aggregation, and can use inheritance to separate responsibilities into different classes.

  4. Grade separated junction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grade_separated_junction

    A grade-separated junction is a transport junction where at least one bridge or tunnel is used to separate traffic flows (known as grade separation). Relevant articles include: Road interchanges, known as grade-separated junctions in the UK; A flying junction, a type of grade-separated junction found on railway lines

  5. Interchange (road) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interchange_(road)

    In the field of road transport, an interchange (American English) or a grade-separated junction (British English) is a road junction that uses grade separations to allow for the movement of traffic between two or more roadways or highways, using a system of interconnecting roadways to permit traffic on at least one of the routes to pass through ...

  6. Diverging diamond interchange - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diverging_diamond_interchange

    Bypassing a crash at the bridge; Allowing an oversize load to bypass a low bridge; Some factors make turning left onto a diverging diamond interchange from the highway ramp more hazardous: 1) There is a yield sign instead of a traffic light. 2) The driver can not see if the light for the through traffic is red or green.

  7. Reinforced-Concrete Highway Bridges in Minnesota MPS

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforced-Concrete...

    It also includes the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad Grade Separation, which comprises 30 bridges built over the Milwaukee Road tracks one block north of Lake Street in Minneapolis. [1] The submission traces the historical context of reinforced concrete bridge building in Minnesota and cites examples of early and historic bridges. [2]

  8. Overpass - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overpass

    An overpass, called an overbridge or flyover (for a road only) in the United Kingdom and some other Commonwealth countries, is a bridge, road, railway or similar structure that is over another road or railway. An overpass and underpass together form a grade separation. [1] Stack interchanges are made up of several overpasses.

  9. Controlled-access highway - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlled-access_highway

    In all cases one road crosses the other via a bridge or a tunnel, as opposed to an at-grade crossing. The inter-connecting roads, or slip-roads, which link the two roads, can follow any one of a number of patterns. The actual pattern is determined by a number of factors including local topology, traffic density, land cost, building costs, type ...