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The English term enlightenment is the Western translation of various Buddhist terms, most notably bodhi and vimutti. The abstract noun bodhi (/ ˈ b oʊ d i /; Sanskrit: बोधि; Pali: bodhi) means the knowledge or wisdom, or awakened intellect, of a Buddha. [web 1] The verbal root budh-means "to awaken", and its literal meaning is closer ...
Many historians now date the end of the Enlightenment as the start of the 19th century, with the latest proposed year being the death of Immanuel Kant in 1804. [9] In reality, historical periods do not have clearly defined start or end dates.
Ionian Enlightenment, the origin of ancient Greek advances in philosophy and science; Dark Enlightenment, an anti-democratic and reactionary movement that broadly rejects egalitarianism and Whig historiography; Enlightenment Intensive, a group retreat designed to enable a spiritual enlightenment
A typically erudite French translation by Étienne Lamotte was made from the Tibetan. [12] Lamotte's French was re-translated into English by Sara Boin-Webb, bringing the total number of English versions to five. [13] The English translations are: Luk, Charles (1975). Ordinary Enlightenment: A Translation of the Vimalakirti Nirdesa. Shambhala ...
A jīvanmukta, literally meaning 'liberated while living', [1] is a person who, in the Jain and Vedānta philosophy, has gained complete self-knowledge and self-realisation and attained kaivalya (enlightenment) or moksha (liberation), thus is liberated while living and not yet dead.
The Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta (Pali; Sanskrit: Dharmacakrapravartana Sūtra; English: The Setting in Motion of the Wheel of the Dhamma Sutta or Promulgation of the Law Sutta) is a Buddhist scripture that is considered by Buddhists to be a record of the first sermon given by Gautama Buddha, the Sermon in the Deer Park at Sarnath.
The Prajña translation of the Buddhāvataṃsaka Sūtra (translated c. 798 by the Indian monk Prajña) also mentions the term, stating: "When the buddhas and bodhisattvas realize enlightenment, they convert the ālaya and attain the wisdom of original enlightenment" (Taisho no. 10 n0293 p0688a08).
The first translation of Ātma-bodha into English language from Sanskrit by J. Taylor was published in 1812 titled - The Knowledge of Spirit, [12] later another translation rendered by Rev. J.F.Kearns, along with English commentary and titled - Atma Bodha Prakashika, was published in the May, 1876 issue of The Indian Antiquary (pages 125-133). [13]