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Per ardua ad astra is a Latin phrase meaning "through adversity to the stars" [1] or "through struggle to the stars" [2] that is the official motto of the Royal Air Force and other Commonwealth air forces such as the Royal Australian Air Force and Royal New Zealand Air Force, as well as the Royal Indian Air Force until 1947.
The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the air and space force of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies. [7] It was formed towards the end of the First World War on 1 April 1918, on the merger of the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) and the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS). [8]
The motto translates as Growing we learn. [2] Heraldic badges of the Royal Air Force are the insignia of certain commands, squadrons, units, wings, groups, branches and stations within the Royal Air Force. They are also commonly known as crests, especially by serving members of the Royal Air Force, but officially they are badges.
Pakistan Air Force (Urdu: پاک فضائیه) Motto : Sahrast ke daryast tah-e-bal-o-par-e-mast (English translation:- "Be it the deserts / Be it the rivers / All are under my wings") No. 9 Squadron: "How high you fly depends on how brave you are"
The badge is depicted on the iron gates at the ceremonial entrance to the Royal Air Force College Cranwell, at the entrance to the Air Forces Memorial in Surrey, and on the Polish War Memorial in London. It was also featured on the reverse of a special series of £2 coins minted in 2018 to mark the centenary of the Royal Air Force.
The Squadrons of the Royal Air Force & Commonwealth 1918–1988. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air Britain (Historians) Ltd., 1988. ISBN 0-85130-164-9. Jefford, C.G. RAF Squadrons, a Comprehensive record of the Movement and Equipment of all RAF Squadrons and their Antecedents since 1912. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing, 1988 (second ...
The Royal Air Force Handbook. London, UK: Anova Books. ISBN 9780851779522. Oliver, Kingsley (1997). Through Adversity – The History of the Royal Air Force Regiment 1941–1992 (PDF). Rushden, UK: Forces & Corporate Publishing. ISBN 0-9529597-0-4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 July 2016; Pitchfork, Graham (2008).
Royal Air Force: Type: Flying squadron: Motto(s) Sarang tebuan jangan dijolok (Malay for 'Never disturb a hornet's nest') [1] Insignia; Squadron badge heraldry: In front of two bones in saltire, a skull. The badge was the official version of a motif used by the squadron on the Western Front in 1917. Approved by King George VI in November 1937 ...