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The calculator was superseded, in 1982, by the HP-15C.. Although it is argued the HP-41C (introduced late 1979 and only a matter of months after the HP-34C) was a replacement for the HP-34C, they were in fact differentiated as much by price (the HP-34C being 50% that of the HP-41C) as by functionality and performance (the HP-41C being the first HP LCD-based and module-expandable calculator ...
The Lagrange multiplier theorem states that at any local maximum (or minimum) of the function evaluated under the equality constraints, if constraint qualification applies (explained below), then the gradient of the function (at that point) can be expressed as a linear combination of the gradients of the constraints (at that point), with the ...
Known generically as extremum, [b] they may be defined either within a given range (the local or relative extrema) or on the entire domain (the global or absolute extrema) of a function. [1] [2] [3] Pierre de Fermat was one of the first mathematicians to propose a general technique, adequality, for finding the maxima and minima of functions.
If the objective function is quadratic and the constraints are linear, quadratic programming techniques are used. If the objective function is a ratio of a concave and a convex function (in the maximization case) and the constraints are convex, then the problem can be transformed to a convex optimization problem using fractional programming ...
Perhaps the HP-42S was to be released as a replacement for the aging HP-41 series as it is designed to be compatible with all programs written for the HP-41. Since it lacked expandability, and lacked any real I/O ability, both key features of the HP-41 series, it was marketed as an HP-15C replacement.
HP has never made another calculator specifically for programmers, [2] but has incorporated many of the HP-16C's functions in later scientific and graphing calculators, for example the HP-42S (1988) and its successors. Like many other vintage HP calculators, the HP-16C is now highly sought-after by collectors. [14]
The machine code and functionality of the MK-52 and MK-61 calculators were extensions of the earlier MK-54, [2] B3-34, and B3-21 Elektronika calculators. The MK-52 is the only calculator known to have internal storage in the form of an EEPROM module. As with many Soviet calculators, the MK-52 has a number of undocumented functions. [4]
Global constraints [2] are constraints representing a specific relation on a number of variables, taken altogether. Some of them, such as the alldifferent constraint, can be rewritten as a conjunction of atomic constraints in a simpler language: the alldifferent constraint holds on n variables x 1 . . . x n {\displaystyle x_{1}...x_{n}} , and ...