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The instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR, sometimes referred to as the instant wave-free ratio or instant flow reserve) is a diagnostic tool used to assess whether a stenosis is causing a limitation of blood flow in coronary arteries with subsequent ischemia. iFR is performed during cardiac catheterisation (angiography) using invasive coronary pressure wires which are placed in the coronary ...
Coronary flow reserve is used in diagnostics and treatment of patients with conditions such as coronary artery disease and syndrome X. [7] In the treatment of these conditions, vasodilators are used to allow sufficient blood to flow past a stenosis, for example, and the measurement of CFR enables the efficacy of such interventions to be measured.
The remaining blood loaded into the LV is then optimally ejected out through the aortic valve. With an extra pathway for blood flow through the mitral valve, the left ventricle does not have to work as hard to eject its blood, i.e. there is a decreased afterload. [10] Afterload is largely dependent upon aortic pressure.
High blood pressure (Learn more about How to Lower Blood Pressure.) High cholesterol. Heart disease. Diabetes. Obesity. Sickle cell disease. Not exercising regularly. A sedentary lifestyle ...
End-systolic volume (ESV) is the volume of blood in a ventricle at the end of contraction, or systole, and the beginning of filling, or diastole. ESV is the lowest volume of blood in the ventricle at any point in the cardiac cycle. The main factors that affect the end-systolic volume are afterload and the contractility of the heart.
Modalities applied to measurement of ejection fraction is an emerging field of medical mathematics and subsequent computational applications. The first common measurement method is echocardiography, [7] [8] although cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), [8] [9] cardiac computed tomography, [8] [9] ventriculography and nuclear medicine (gated SPECT and radionuclide angiography) [8] [10 ...
Velocity Time Integral is a clinical Doppler ultrasound measurement of blood flow, equivalent to the area under the velocity time curve. The product of VTI (cm/stroke) and the cross sectional area of a valve (cm2) yields a stroke volume (cm3/stroke), which can be used to calculate cardiac output.
This bubble has the potential to block blood flow to the rest of the body, and thus limit the patient's stamina. In other cases, a similarly developed pseudoaneurysm ("false aneurysm") may burst, sometimes resulting in the death of the patient. Also, blood clots may form on the inside of ventricular aneurysms, and form embolisms. If such a clot ...
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