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The Indo–Soviet Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation was a treaty signed between India and the Soviet Union in August 1971 that specified mutual strategic cooperation. This was a significant deviation from India's previous position of non-alignment during the Cold War [1] and was a factor in the 1971 Indo-Pakistani war.
The Soviet Union's strong relations with India had a negative impact on both Soviet relations with China and Indian relations with China, during the Khrushchev period. The Soviet Union declared its neutrality during the 1959 border dispute and the Sino-Indian War of October 1962, although the Chinese strongly objected.
At a convention held in the Convocation Hall of Bombay University June 3–4, 1944 the organisation became the 'All India Friends of the Soviet Union'. [3] Some 2,000 people took part in the event, out of whom a hundred were delegates. [3] In 1944 the organization began publishing Indo-Soviet Journal from Bombay. [1]
In the beginning, India was not willing for Indo-Soviet treaty. But circumstances forced India to have a treaty with the Soviet Union in 1971. The circumstances were I. Pindi-Peking -Washington axis was formed by 1971, mainly against the USSR to curb its influence in South Asia and secondarily against India.
On 9 August 1971, India signed a twenty-year co-operation treaty with the Soviet Union, [14] followed by a six-nation tour of Europe and USA by Indira Gandhi in October. This tour was intended to demonstrate India's professed neutrality despite the Indo-Soviet treaty, as well as to highlight the refugee problem faced by India. [20]
Meanwhile, India's relationship with the Soviet Union grew strategically and resulted in the Indo-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation of August 1971. In December, it helped India halt American adventurism by using military power and end the conflict which ensured the victory of the secessionists in the establishment of the new state of ...
Friends of the Soviet Union was an organisation in India. It was founded by members of the Indian National Congress and the All India Communist Party as an alternative to the CPI controlled Indo-Soviet Cultural Society (ISCUS), after the break between CPI and the Congress in the national political scene.
Nehru and the Congress looked on the Soviet Union with distrust, reassuring the West that there was not the least chance of India lining up with the Soviet Union in war or peace. [6] Nehru intensely disliked the Cold War—the more India got involved, he believed, the worse for his long-term objectives of economic and national development.