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A schematic for long bone endochondral ossification. In developing bones, ossification commences within the primary ossification center located in the center of the diaphysis (bone shaft), [5] where the following changes occur: The perichondrium surrounding the cartilage model transforms into the periosteum. During this transformation, special ...
In fracture healing, endochondral osteogenesis is the most commonly occurring process, for example in fractures of long bones treated by plaster of Paris, whereas fractures treated by open reduction and internal fixation with metal plates, screws, pins, rods and nails may heal by intramembranous osteogenesis.
The process of endochondral ossification, which converts the cartilage models into bone, begins by the twelfth week of embryonic development. At birth, ossification of much of the bone has occurred, but the hyaline cartilage of the epiphyseal plate will remain throughout childhood and adolescence to allow for bone lengthening.
For endochondral ossification, deposition of bone only occurs after the mineralised cartilage. [ citation needed ] This process of healing occurs when the fracture is treated conservatively using orthopaedic cast or immobilisation, external fixation , or internal fixation .
A secondary ossification center is the area of ossification that appears after the primary ossification center has already appeared – most of which appear during the postnatal and adolescent years. Most bones have more than one secondary ossification center. In long bones, the secondary centers appear in the epiphyses. [2]
Endochondral ossification occurs in long bones and most other bones in the body; it involves the development of bone from cartilage. This process includes the development of a cartilage model, its growth and development, development of the primary and secondary ossification centers , and the formation of articular cartilage and the epiphyseal ...
The appendicular skeleton forms during development from cartilage, by the process of endochondral ossification. The appendicular skeleton is divided into six major regions: Shoulder girdle (4 bones) - Left and right clavicle (2) and scapula (2). Arms and forearms (6 bones) - Left and right humerus (2) (arm), ulna (2) and radius (2) (forearm).
Endochondral ossification is the process of forming bone from cartilage and this is the usual method. This form of bone development is the more complex form: it follows the formation of a first skeleton of cartilage made by chondrocytes, which is then removed and replaced by bone, made by osteoblasts. Intramembranous ossification is the direct ...