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Hash functions are an essential ingredient of the Bloom filter, a space-efficient probabilistic data structure that is used to test whether an element is a member of a set. A special case of hashing is known as geometric hashing or the grid method.
Fowler–Noll–Vo hash function (FNV Hash) 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, or 1024 bits xor/product or product/XOR Jenkins hash function: 32 or 64 bits XOR/addition Bernstein's hash djb2 [2] 32 or 64 bits shift/add or mult/add or shift/add/xor or mult/xor PJW hash / Elf Hash: 32 or 64 bits add,shift,xor MurmurHash: 32, 64, or 128 bits product/rotation ...
A cryptographic hash function (CHF) is a hash algorithm (a map of an arbitrary binary string to a binary string with a fixed size of bits) that has special properties desirable for a cryptographic application: [1]
The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of cryptographic hash functions. See the individual functions' articles for further information. This article is not all-inclusive or necessarily up-to-date. An overview of hash function security/cryptanalysis can be found at hash function security summary.
In contrast, in most traditional hash tables, a change in the number of array slots causes nearly all keys to be remapped because the mapping between the keys and the slots is defined by a modular operation. Consistent hashing evenly distributes cache keys across shards, even if some of the shards crash or become unavailable. [3]
Cryptographic hash functions are functions that take a variable-length input and return a fixed-length output, which can be used in, for example, a digital signature. For a hash function to be secure, it must be difficult to compute two inputs that hash to the same value ( collision resistance ) and to compute an input that hashes to a given ...
SHA-2: A family of two similar hash functions, with different block sizes, known as SHA-256 and SHA-512. They differ in the word size; SHA-256 uses 32-bit words where SHA-512 uses 64-bit words. There are also truncated versions of each standard, known as SHA-224, SHA-384, SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256. These were also designed by the NSA.
One-way hash function, sometimes also called as one-way compression function—compute a reduced hash value for a message (e.g., SHA-256) Symmetric key cryptography—compute a ciphertext decodable with the same key used to encode (e.g., AES) Public-key cryptography—compute a ciphertext decodable with a different key used to encode (e.g., RSA)