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Shikimic acid, more commonly known as its anionic form shikimate, is a cyclohexene, a cyclitol and a cyclohexanecarboxylic acid. It is an important biochemical metabolite in plants and microorganisms.
It is the major source of the chemical compound shikimic acid, a primary precursor in the pharmaceutical synthesis of anti-influenza drug oseltamivir (Tamiflu). [93] Inula helenium: Elecampane: It is used in herbal medicine as an expectorant and for water retention. [94]
The pathway starts with two substrates, phosphoenol pyruvate and erythrose-4-phosphate, and ends with chorismate (chrorismic acid), a substrate for the three aromatic amino acids. The fifth enzyme involved is the shikimate kinase , an enzyme that catalyzes the ATP -dependent phosphorylation of shikimate to form shikimate 3-phosphate (shown in ...
[23] [24] The aromatic amino acid phenylalanine, synthesized in the shikimic acid pathway, is the common precursor of phenol containing amino acids and phenolic compounds. In plants, the phenolic units are esterified or methylated and are submitted to conjugation , which means that the natural phenols are mostly found in the glycoside form ...
The phenylpropanoids are a diverse family of organic compounds that are biosynthesized by plants from the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine in the shikimic acid pathway. [1] Their name is derived from the six-carbon, aromatic phenyl group and the three-carbon propene tail of coumaric acid , which is the central intermediate in ...
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[10] [11] [12] An industrial method for the production of shikimic acid using fermentation of E. coli bacteria was discovered in 2005, [13] [14] and applied in the 2009 swine flu pandemic to address Tamiflu shortages, eventually reversing price increases for star anise as a raw material of shikimic acid. [15]
Dactylifric acid (also known as dattelic acid or 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid [2] [3] [4]) is an ester derived from caffeic acid and shikimic acid. It and its isomers are enzymic browning substrates found in dates (Phoenix dactylifera fruits). [3] [5] Some older sources identify dactylifric acid as 3-O-caffeoylshikimic acid. [5]