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The initial case in human outbreaks of Nipah virus has always been zoonotic [8] from exposure to contaminated secretions or tissues of infected bats or pigs. Subsequent human-to-human transmission of Nipah virus occurs via close contact with NiV-infected persons or exposure to NiV-infected body fluids (e.g., blood, urine, nasal secretions). [1]
The Nipah virus structural model, constructed at an atomic resolution, depicts a particle with a diameter of 90 nm, adorned with spikes. This model affords a glimpse into the virus's interior. The Nipah virus is known for its high mortality rate and is viewed as a potential candidate for the next pandemic.
The 1998–1999 Malaysia Nipah virus outbreak occurred from September 1998 to May 1999 in the states of Perak, Negeri Sembilan and Selangor in Malaysia. A total of 265 cases of acute encephalitis with 105 deaths caused by the virus were reported in the three states throughout the outbreak. [ 1 ]
The virus is often transmitted by bats.
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Nipah is a henipavirus, the most lethal of paramyxoviruses. It was first identified in pigs in Malaysia and Singapore in the late 1980s, though its natural reservoir is fruit bats.
The index case of the outbreak was reported at a private hospital in Kozhikode district on 5 September, when a 12-year-old boy from Chathamangalam died after testing positive for Nipah virus infection. [49] [50] The new Nipah infection, which spreads through the saliva of fruit bats, came three years after a previous outbreak which claimed 17 ...
Nipah henipavirus Henipavirus is a genus of negative-strand RNA viruses in the family Paramyxoviridae , order Mononegavirales containing six established species, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] and numerous others still under study. [ 3 ]