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An involution is non-defective, and each eigenvalue equals , so an involution diagonalizes to a signature matrix. A normal involution is Hermitian (complex) or symmetric (real) and also unitary (complex) or orthogonal (real). The determinant of an involutory matrix over any field is ±1. [4]
If A represents a linear involution, then x→A(x−b)+b is an affine involution. One can check that any affine involution in fact has this form. Geometrically this means that any affine involution can be obtained by taking oblique reflections against any number from 0 through n hyperplanes going through a point b.
An involution is a function f : X → X that, when applied twice, brings one back to the starting point. In mathematics, an involution, involutory function, or self-inverse function [1] is a function f that is its own inverse, f(f(x)) = x. for all x in the domain of f. [2] Equivalently, applying f twice produces the original value.
A Cartan involution on () is defined by () =, where denotes the transpose matrix of .; The identity map on is an involution. It is the unique Cartan involution of if and only if the Killing form of is negative definite or, equivalently, if and only if is the Lie algebra of a compact semisimple Lie group.
If S is a commutative semigroup then the identity map of S is an involution.; If S is a group then the inversion map * : S → S defined by x* = x −1 is an involution. Furthermore, on an abelian group both this map and the one from the previous example are involutions satisfying the axioms of semigroup with involution.
The term reflection is loose, and considered by some an abuse of language, with inversion preferred; however, point reflection is widely used. Such maps are involutions, meaning that they have order 2 – they are their own inverse: applying them twice yields the identity map – which is also true of other maps called reflections.
Myles Colvin rebounded Braden Smith's missed fadeaway jumper and scored with 0.5 seconds left to give No. 13 Purdue an 80-78 win over No. 23 Ole Miss in the championship game of the Rady Children ...
It is also closed under involution; hence it is a C*-algebra. Concrete C*-algebras of compact operators admit a characterization similar to Wedderburn's theorem for finite dimensional C*-algebras: Theorem. If A is a C*-subalgebra of K(H), then there exists Hilbert spaces {H i} i∈I such that