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Each black square depicts a loudspeaker. The center speaker in the top line of the diagram is used for dialogue. The left and right speakers on either side of the center speaker are used to create stereo sound for music and other sound effects in the film. The left and right surround speakers in the bottom line create the surround sound effect ...
The most common surround sound specification, the ITU's 5.1 standard, calls for 6 speakers: center (C), in front of the listener; left (L) and right (R), at angles of 60°; left surround (LS) and right surround (RS) at angles of 100–120°; and a subwoofer, whose position is not critical.
Named after its early proponent audio engineer David Hafler, the circuit exploits the high amount of stereo separation between Left and Right channels and sound phase. [2] This type of system is called 2:2:4, since the rear channels are simulated from a two-channel stereo track, with no actual extra tracks encoded. The rear channels will ...
The audio engineers determine where each track will be placed in the stereo "image", by using various techniques that may vary from very simple (such as "left-right" panning controls) to more sophisticated and extensively based on psychoacoustic research (such as channel equalization, mid-side processing, and the use of delay to exploit the ...
Panning can also be used in an audio mixer to reduce or reverse the stereo width of a stereo signal. For instance, the left and right channels of a stereo source can be panned straight up, which is sent equally to both the left output and the right output of the mixer, creating a dual mono signal. [citation needed]
However, whereas a 5.1 surround sound system combines both surround and rear channel effects into two channels (commonly configured in home theatre set-ups as two rear surround speakers), a 7.1 surround system splits the surround and rear channel information into four distinct channels, in which sound effects are directed to left and right ...
A Pro Logic decoder/processor "unfolds" the sound into the original 4.0 surround—left and right, center, and a single limited frequency-range (7 kHz low-pass filtered) [3] mono rear channel. A Pro Logic decoder also uses 'Steering Logic', which drives amplifiers to raise or lower the output volume of each channel based on the current dominant ...
The center channel also anchors the sound field, eliminating phantom images such as those that plagued early matrixed quadraphonic sound if the speakers were not precisely placed. [2] The center channel eliminates the need to create a phantom center with left and right stereo speakers. The center channel provides image stabling effects and is ...