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A debtor or debitor is a legal entity (legal person) that owes a debt to another entity. The entity may be an individual, a firm, a government, a company or other legal person. The counterparty is called a creditor. When the counterpart of this debt arrangement is a bank, the debtor is more often referred to as a borrower.
An unsecured creditor does not have a charge over the debtor's assets. [2] The term creditor is frequently used in the financial world, especially in reference to short-term loans, long-term bonds, and mortgage loans. In law, a person who has a money judgment entered in their favor by a court is called a judgment creditor.
A UCC-1 financing statement (an abbreviation for Uniform Commercial Code-1) is a United States legal form that a creditor files to give notice that it has or may have an interest in the personal property of a debtor (a person who owes a debt to the creditor as typically specified in the agreement creating the debt).
Chapter 1: General Provisions; Chapter 3: Case Administration; Chapter 5: Creditors, the Debtor and the Estate; Chapter 7: Liquidation; Chapter 9: Adjustment of Debts of a Municipality; Chapter 11: Reorganization; Chapter 12: Adjustment of Debts of a Family Farmer or Fisherman with Regular Annual Income
The law does not allow the debtor to coerce the creditor into accepting a tender. [69] This is the case, even when the debtor has forwarded valid tender . [ 70 ] It is the subsequent acceptance or non-acceptance of the tender from the creditor which crystallises payment and effects discharge. [ 70 ]
Government debt is typically measured as the gross debt of the general government sector that is in the form of liabilities that are debt instruments. [2]: 207 A debt instrument is a financial claim that requires payment of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor in the future.
In English and American law, a judgment debtor is a person against whom a judgment ordering him to pay a sum of money has been obtained and remains unsatisfied. Such a person may be examined as to their assets, and if the judgment debt is of the necessary amount he may be made bankrupt if he fails to comply with a bankruptcy notice (in US law, an involuntary petition) served on him by the ...
Attachment is a legal process by which a court of law, at the request of a creditor, designates specific property owned by the debtor to be transferred to the creditor, or sold for the benefit of the creditor. [1] A wide variety of legal mechanisms are employed by debtors to prevent the attachment of their assets.