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In the United States, a federal judge is a judge who serves on a court established under Article Three of the U.S. Constitution.Often called "Article III judges", federal judges include the chief justice and associate justices of the U.S. Supreme Court, circuit judges of the U.S. Courts of Appeals, district judges of the U.S. District Courts, and judges of the U.S. Court of International Trade.
In the words of the Federal Constitution, the judge is an organ of the Judiciary.Thus, he is an agent of the State, responsible for saying the Law definitively. Specifically in the case of the Federal Court, the judge is responsible for judging the actions in which the Union, its autarchies and federal public companies are, in some way,
Section 1 authorizes the creation of inferior courts, but does not require it; the first inferior federal courts were established shortly after the ratification of the Constitution with the Judiciary Act of 1789. Section 1 also establishes that federal judges do not face term limits, and that an individual judge's salary may not be decreased.
As the first president, George Washington appointed the entire federal judiciary. His record of eleven Supreme Court appointments still stands. Ronald Reagan appointed 383 federal judges, more than any other president. Following is a list indicating the number of Article III federal judicial appointments made by each president of the United ...
Other doctrines, such as the abstention doctrine and the Rooker–Feldman doctrine limit the power of lower federal courts to disturb rulings made by state courts. The Erie doctrine requires federal courts to apply substantive state law to claims arising from state law (which may be heard in federal courts under supplemental or diversity ...
The Supreme Court of the United States was established by the Constitution of the United States.Originally, the Judiciary Act of 1789 set the number of justices at six. . However, as the nation's boundaries grew across the continent and as Supreme Court justices in those days had to ride the circuit, an arduous process requiring long travel on horseback or carriage over harsh terrain that ...
Separate lists are maintained for active service, during which a judge will normally maintain a full caseload, as well as for total service, combining active service and senior service. The caseload of a senior judge may range from full to inactive. [1] [2] Data on judges' dates of service is maintained by the Federal Judicial Center. [3]
A total of 116 people have served on the Supreme Court of the United States, the highest judicial body in the United States, since it was established in 1789.Supreme Court justices have life tenure, meaning that they serve until they die, resign, retire, or are impeached and removed from office.