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A shadoof or shaduf, [1] well pole, well sweep, sweep, [2] swape, [3] or simply a lift [4] is a tool that is used to lift water from a well or another water source onto land or into another waterway or basin. It is highly efficient, and has been known since 3000 BCE.
Hazz al-quhuf is composed in the style of a literary commentary on a 42-line poem purported to be written by a peasant (Arabic: فلاح, fallāḥ) named Abu Shaduf. [1] In his commentary, al-Shirbini describes different customs of peasants and urban dwellers, and notes regional distinctions between the Sa'idi people of Upper Egypt, people of the Nile Delta in Lower Egypt, and the poorest ...
The introduction of this machine had a decisive influence on agriculture as this wheel lifted water 3 to 8 metres with much less labour force and time than the Shaduf, which was the previous irrigation device in the Kingdom. The Shaduf relied on human energy while the saqiya was driven by buffalos or other animals. [20]
The PWCT visual programming language [331] [332] and the Ring dynamic programming language [333] are invented by Egyptian engineer Mahmoud Samir Fayed. [334] He started creating PWCT in 2005 at the Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Egypt. [335] He developed Ring while being a researcher at King Saud University. [336] [337]
Qasem Soleimani wearing an aqeeq ring. An aqeeq ring also has religious importance in Islam as it is considered sunnah to wear one. Muhammad wore a carnelian / aqiq ring set with silver as a commemoration of the removal of idols from the Grand Mosque in Mecca in 630 CE. Many Muslims do the same, including both Shia and Sunni clergy. [1]
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The conversion to Islam was a slow, gradual process, with almost 600 years of resistance. Most of the architecture of the period are mosques built of mudbricks. One of the first attempt at conquest was by Egyptian-Nubian, Ibn Abi Sarh. Ibn Abi Sarh was a Muslim leader who tried to conquer all Nubia in the 8th century AD.
At that time a copy was made, but the loss of the original ring was assumed to be an indication of ill-fortune to come. [4] [5] [6] Sir Richard Francis Burton writes that it is a "Tradition of the Prophet" that carnelian is the best stone for a signet ring, and that tradition was still in use in 1868. The carnelian stone is also "a guard ...