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Implosive consonants are a group of stop consonants (and possibly also some affricates) with a mixed glottalic ingressive and pulmonic egressive airstream mechanism. [1] That is, the airstream is controlled by moving the glottis downward in addition to expelling air from the lungs.
The following tables present pulmonic and non-pulmonic consonants. In the IPA, a pulmonic consonant is a consonant made by obstructing the glottis (the space between the vocal cords) or oral cavity (the mouth) and either simultaneously or subsequently letting out air from the lungs. Pulmonic consonants make up the majority of consonants in the ...
Glottal ingressive is the term generally applied to the implosive consonants, which actually use a mixed glottalic ingressive–pulmonic egressive airstream. True glottalic ingressives are quite rare and are called "voiceless implosives" or "reverse ejectives".
See implosive consonants. ⓘ Spanish la Bamba, Kinyarwanda abana "children", Korean 무궁화 [muɡuŋβwa̠] mugunghwa: Like [b], but with the lips not quite closed. ⓘ Nias simbi [siʙi] "lower jaw" Sputtering.
The voiced alveolar implosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɗ . The IPA symbol is lowercase letter d with a rightward hook protruding from the upper right of the letter.
In alphabets using the Latin script, an IPA-like apostrophe for ejective consonants is common. However, there are other conventions. In Hausa, the hooked letter ƙ is used for /kʼ/. In Zulu and Xhosa, whose ejection is variable between speakers, plain consonant letters are used: p t k ts tsh kr for /pʼ tʼ kʼ tsʼ
The non-IPA letters found in the extIPA are listed in the following table. VoQS letters may also be used, as in ↀ͡r̪͆ for a buccal interdental trill (a raspberry), as VoQS started off as a subset of extIPA. [3] Several letters and superscript forms were added to Unicode 14 and 15. They are included in the free Gentium Plus and Andika fonts.
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